Shiraia bambusicola
Shiraia bambusicola Henn., Bot. Jb. 28(3): 274 (1900).
Index Fungorum number: IF 158454; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06203, Fig. 1
Description: see Hyde et al. (2013).
Material considered: see Hyde et al. (2013).
Fig. 1 Shiraia bambusicola (HKAS102253, HKAS102254, HKAS102257, HKAS102261, HKAS102262, modified from Fig. 6 in Dai et al. 2019). a Fruiting bodies. b Vertical section of ascostromata. c Vertical section of locule. d Pseudoparaphyses e Asci with ascospores. f Ascospores. g Vertical section of asexual locules. h, i Conidia. Scale bars: a= 2 cm, b= 1 mm, c, g = 100 μm, d =10 μm, e = 50 μm, f, h, i = 20 μm,
Importance and distribution
Shiraia has promising application in agricultural, cosmetic, food and feed and medical industries due to the production of hypocrellins (Zhang et al. 1998, Yang et al. 2001, Deininger et al. 2002, Gao et al. 2018). Hypocrellins have light-induced anticancer (Deininger et al. 2002, Deng et al. 2017) and antiviral activities (Yang et al. 2001), particularly against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Hudson et al. 1994). Shiraia produces important enzymes such as amylase (Gao et al. 2018). Shiraia comprises only one species parasitic on culms of Bambusa (Poaceae), Fargesia (Poaceae), Phyllostachys (Poaceae), Brachystachyum (Orchidaceae) and Pleioblastus (Poaceae) in Asia (Japan) (Liu et al. 2009).
References
Dai DQ, Wijayawardene NN, Tang LZ, Liu C et al. 2019 – Rubroshiraia gen. nov., a second hypocrellin-producing genus in Shiraiaceae (Pleosporales). MycoKeys 58, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.58.36723
Deininger MH, Weinschenk T, Morgalla MH, Meyermann R, Schluesener HJ. 2002 – Release of regulators of angiogenesis following Hypocrellin-A and -B photodynamic therapy of human brain tumor cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 298 (4), 520–530.
Deng H, Gao R, Liao X, Cai Y. 2017 – Characterization of a major facilitator superfamily transporter in Shiraia bambusicola. Research in Microbiology 168 (7), 664–672.
Gao R, Xu Z, Deng H, Guan Z et al. 2018 – Enhanced hypocrellin production of Shiraia sp. SUPER-H168 by overexpression of alpha-amylase gene. PloS one 13(5), e0196519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196519
Hudson B, Zhou J, Chen J, Harris L, Yip L, Towers GH. 1994 – Hypocrellin, from Hypocrella bambuase, is phototoxic to human immunodeficiency virus. Photochemistry and photobiology 60(3), 253–255.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Liu YX, Liu ZY, Yang YL, Wongkaew S. 2009 – Isolation, screening and confirmative identification of high hypocrellin A-producing Shiraia bambusicola isolates. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 37, 357–364.
Yang HY, Zhang WG, Ma LP, Wang SW, Zhang ZY. 2001 – An approach to enhancing the phototoxicity of a novel hypocrellin congener to MGC803 cells. Dyes and Pigments 51, 103–110.
Zhang J, Cao EH, Li JF, Zhang TC, Ma WJ. 1998 – Photodynamic effects of hypocrellin A on three human malignant cell lines by inducing apoptotic cell death. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 43, 106–111.
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