Shiraia
Shiraia Henn., Bot. Jb. 28(3): 274 (1900).
Index Fungorum number: IF 5025; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06203, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Parasitic on bamboo. Sexual morph: Ascostromata forming near ends of host branches, near petiole bases, superficial, pinkish, irregular, tuberculate, fleshy, slightly pink, cells of ascostromata comprising cells of textura intricata. Locules immersed, arranged in a peripheral layer, subspherical or ellipsoidal, ostiolate. Peridium of locules comprising a single layer of light brown-walled cells. Hamathecium comprising relatively narrow, numerous, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci containing 6 ascospores, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a long pedicel and a distinct ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, symmetrical, hyaline to light brown, muriform. Asexual morph: forming in young ascostromata. Locules immersed in ascostroma, arranged in rows or irregularly in the inner layer, cylindrical, ampulliform, globose, subglobose or irregular, thickwalled cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, arising all around the basal region of the locules. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, unbranched, discrete, indeterminate, cylindrical, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidia fusiform, muriform, asymmetrical, hyaline to light brown, with irregularly arranged transverse and longitudinal septa, acute at basal, apex obtuse, or obtuse at both ends, thick-walled, smooth-walled (adapted from Hyde et al. 2013).
Type species: Shiraia bambusicola Henn.
Notes: Shiraia is characterised by pinkish, irregular ascostromata, cylindrical asci and fusiform, symmetrical, hyaline to light brown, muriform ascospores. The asexual morph of Shiraia is coelomycetous and is characterised by holoblastic, unbranched, discrete conidiogenous cells, and fusiform, muriform, asymmetrical, hyaline to light brown conidia. Molecular markers available for Shiraia in GenBank are ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF and RPB2. Shiraia is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in Shiraiaceae.
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