Massarina eburnea
Massarina eburnea (Tul. & C. Tul.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 153 (1883).
≡ Massaria eburnea Tul. & C. Tul., Select. fung. carpol. (Paris) 2: 239 (1863).
Index Fungorum number: IF 191987; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11596, Fig. 1
Description: see Tanaka et al. (2009, 2015); Zhang et al. (2009a, b); Hirayama et al. (2010).
Material considered: see Tanaka et al. (2009, 2015); Zhang et al. (2009a, b); Hirayama et al. (2010).
Fig. 1 Massarina eburnea (IFRD 2006). a Ascomata on the host surface. b Section through ascoma. c Peridium. d Cellular pseudo paraphyses. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores stained in Indian Ink. Scale bars: a = 500 μm, b = 100 μm, c–j = 20 μm.
Importance and distribution
Massarina is useful for pharmaceutical industry as it produces Sesquiterpenoids which reduce microbial attack by disrupting the microbe’s cell membrane (Oh et al. 2001, Chadwick et al. 2013).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Massarina is reported to produce several chemical compounds. Oh et al. (2001) reported Massarilactones A and B from the freshwater aquatic fungus Massarina tunicata. Abdel-Wahab et al. (2007) reported spiromassaritone, massariphenone and 6-epi-5′-hydroxy-mycosporulone and enalin A from Massarina sp. Yuan et al. (2015) reported a new fatty acid from the endolichenic fungus Massarina sp. Around eleven bioactive compounds have been recorded from M. tunicata (Oh et al. 1999, 2001, 2003).
There are 158 Massarina epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been transferred to other genera namely Acrocalymma, Anisomeridium, Bertia, Byssosphaeria, Epiphegia, Halomassarina, Helicascus, Lentistoma, Lentithecium, Lindgomyces, Lophiostoma, Lophiotrema, Massaria, Massarina, Massariosphaeria, Metacapnodium, Morosphaeria, Oletheriostrigula, Parabambusicola, Phaeodothis, Phragmoporthe, Pseudopyrenula, Setoseptoria, Tetraploa, Triplosphaeria, Vaginatispora, Wettsteinina, and Zignoella. Massarina has a wide host range such as Acer grandidentatum (Sapindaceae), Archontophoenix sp. (Arecaceae), Calamus sp. (Arecaceae), Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae), Hypericum sp. (Hypericaceae), Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae), Indigofera sp. (Fabaceae), Licuala longicalycata (Arecaceae), Sambucus sp. (Adoxaceae), Tilia sp. (Malvaceae), Vaccinium myrtillus (Ericaceae) and Vitis sp. (Vitaceae). Massarina is known from Asia (China, Hong Kong, Indonesia (Java), Pakistan, Thailand), Europe (Austria, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland), North America (Canada, Mexico), South America (Venezuela) and the United States (Massachusetts, Michigan). An attempt to re-collect Massarina species from unexplored hosts and regions is needed as only three species have molecular data.
References
Barr ME. 1987 – Prodromus to class Loculoascomycetes. Amherst, Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts, USA
Barr ME. 1990 – Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). North American Flora 13(II), 1–129
Clements FE, Shear CL. 1957– The genera of fungi. New York: Hafner. 496 p.
Eriksson OE, Yue JZ. 1986 – Bertiella (Sacc.) Sacc. & Sydow, a synonym of Massarina Sacc. Mycotaxon 27, 247–253.
Hyde KD, Aptroot A. 1998 – Tropical freshwater species of the genera Massarina and Lophiostoma (ascomycetes). Nova Hedwigia 66, 489–502.
Kirk P, Cannon P, Minter D, Stalpers JA. 2008 – Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford
Munk A. 1956 – On Metasphaeria coccodes (Karst.) Sacc. and other fungi probably related to Massarina Sacc. Massarinaceae n. fam. Friesia 5, 303–308.
Oh H, Gloer JB, Shearer CA. 1999 – Massarinolins A-C: new bioactive sesquiterpenoids from the aquatic fungus Massarina tunicata. Journal of Natural Products 62, 497–501.
Saccardo PA.1883 – Pyrenomyceteae Sylloge Fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum, vol 2, pp 1–813, Padua
Sivanesan A. 1984 – The bitunicate ascomycetes and their anamorphs. J. Cramer, Vaduz, p 701
Tanaka K, Harada Y. 2003 – Pleosporales in Japan (3): The genus Massarina. Mycoscience 44, 173–185.
Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD. 2012 – Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53, 1–221.
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