Plenodomus rabenhorstii
Plenodomus rabenhorstii Preuss, Linnaea 24: 145 (1851).
Index Fungorum number: IF 234210; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11567, Fig. 1, 2
Description: see Ariyawansa et al. (2015).
Material considered: see Ariyawansa et al. (2015).
Fig. 1 Plenodomus rabenhorstii (redrawn from Leptosphaeria maculans Fig 269 in Sivanesan 1984). a Ascoma. b Ascus. c Ascospores. d Conidioma. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a, d = 100 μm, b, c = 20 μm, e, f = 5 μm.
Fig. 2 Plenodomus spp. (a–j P. collinsoniae MFLU 19–2279). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section through ascomata. d Peridium. e, f Asci. g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Ascospores. (k–r P. guttulatus MFLU 15-1876). k Section through ascomata. l Cellular pseudoparaphyses. m, n Asci. o, p, r Ascospores. q Peridium. Scale bars: c, k = 50 μm, d–g, m–o = 20 μm, h–j, p–r = 5 μm, l = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
Quarantine significance
Plenodomus tracheiphilus is responsible for a destructive vascular disease of citrus known as ‘mal secco’ (Eppo Bulletin 2015).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Plenodomus produces wide range of chemical such as campafungins which are inhibitors of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans (Perlatti et al. 2020), pheomelanin-like pigment (Pulkaski et al. 2020) and other phytotoxins.
There are 68 Plenodomus epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to other genera such as Aposphaeria, Calophoma, Cytosporella, Diaporthe, Didymella, Diplodia, Fusicoccum, Leptosphaeria, Paracucurbitaria, Paradiscula, Phoma, Sclerophomella and Sirococcus. Plenodomus comprises 36 species known on wide range of plants such as Aeschynanthus sp. (Gesneriaceae), Andropogon sorghum (Poaceae), Angelica sp. (Apiaceae), Argyroxiphium sandwicense (Asteraceae), Citrus (Rutaceae), Eutrema wasabi (Brassicaceae), Ficus carica (Moraceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae), Sinningia speciosa (Gesneriaceae), Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) and Wasabia japonica (Brassicaceae). Plenodomus is widely distributed from Asia (China (Taiwan), India, Israel, Japan), Europe (Austria, France, Greece, Romania, Sweden), North America (Canada), South Africa and the United States (Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii, Washington).
References
2015 – PM 7/048 (3) Plenodomus tracheiphilus (formerly Phoma tracheiphila). EPPO Bulletin 45, 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12218
Ariyawansa HA, Phukhamsakda C, Thambugala KM, Bulgakov TS et al. 2015 – Revision and phylogeny of Leptosphaeriaceae. Fungal Diversity 74, 19–51.
Boerema GH, Kesteren HA. 1964 – The nomenclature of two fungi parasitizing brassica. Persoonia 3, 17–28.
De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp AA, Verkley GJM et al. 2013 – Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales. Studies in Mycology 75, 1–36.
Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R et al. 2020 – Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 100, 5–277.
Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald L, Cai L, Chen Q et al. 2017 – Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Studies in Mycology 86, 99–216.
Perlatti B, Harris G, Nichols CB, Ekanayake DI, Alspaugh JA, Gloer JB, Bills GF. 2020 – Campafungins: Inhibitors of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans Hyphal Growth. Journal of natural products 83, 2718–2726.
Phookamsak R, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ et al. 2019 – Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi. Fungal Diversity 95, 1–273.
Pukalski J, Marcol N, Wolan N, Płonka PM, Ryszka P, Kowalski T, Latowski D. 2020 – Detection of a pheomelanin-like pigment by EPR spectroscopy in the mycelium of Plenodomus biglobosus. Acta Biochimica Polonica 67, 295–301.
Sivanesan A. 1984 – The bitunicate ascomycetes and their anamorphs. J. Cramer, Vaduz, p 701.
Tennakoon DS, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, Yang JB et sl. 2017 – Morphological and phylogenetic insights resolve Plenodomus sinensis (Leptosphaeriaceae) as a new species. Phytotaxa 324, 73–82.
von Höhnel FXR. 1911 – Fragmente zur Mykologie. XIII Mitteilung (Nr. 642 bis 718). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Classe, Abteilung 1 120, 379–484.
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