Plenodomus
Plenodomus Preuss, Linnaea 24: 145 (1851).
Index Fungorum number: IF 9445; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06403, 36 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 22 species with molecular data.
Saprobic or parasitic on stems and leaves of herbaceous or woody plants in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary, scattered or in small groups, erumpent to superficial, subglobose, broadly or narrowly conical, small- to medium sized, dark brown to black, smooth, ostiolate. Ostiole apex with a conical, well-developed papilla. Peridium composed of two to several layers of scleroplectenchymatous cells. Hamathecium comprising 1–3 μm wide, long, septate, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber, short pedicel. Ascospores cylindrical to ellipsoidal, yellowish brown, multi-septate, not or slightly constricted at septa, cell above central septum slightly wider, guttulate and lacking a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata. Type 1: solitary, scattered or in small groups, erumpent to superficial, subglobose or flask shaped with a broad base, mostly black, ostiolate. Ostiole apex with a long neck and well developed poroid papilla. Type 2: solitary, scattered or in small groups, erumpent to superficial, mostly subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole slightly papillate with a narrow pore or opening via a rupture. Conidiomata wall composed of several layers with thick-walled cells of textura angularis, surface heavily pigmented. Conidia hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to subcylindrical (adapted from Ariyawansa et al. 2015).
Type species: Plenodomus rabenhorstii Preuss
Notes: Plenodomus is characterised by erumpent to superficial, subglobose, broadly or narrowly conical ascomata, fissitunicate, cylindrical asci and cylindrical to ellipsoidal, yellowish brown, multiseptateascospores lacking a mucilaginous sheath. The asexual morph of Plenodomus is coelomycetous, characterised by two types of conidiomata. Type 1 conidiomata are erumpent to superficial, subglobose or flask shaped with a broad base, mostly black, and ostiolate while type 2 conidiomata are solitary, scattered mostly subglobose and ostiolate. Höhnel (1911) provided the combination P. lingam which was chosen over P. rabenhorstii by Boerema and Kesteren (1964) since the type material of P. rabenhorstii was lost during World War II. The asexual and sexual relationship between P. lingam and its sexual morph Leptosphaeria maculans was confirmed by single spore isolation (Boerema & Kesteren 1964). De Gruyter et al. (2013) treated P. rabenhorstii as a nomen dubium. De Gruyter et al. (2013) revised Plenodomus and confirmed the sexual and asexual relationship based on phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data. This treatment was followed by several authors (Ariyawansa et al. 2015, Marin-Felix et al. 2017, Tennakoon et al. 2017, Phookamsak et al. 2019). Ariyawansa et al. (2015) followed Höhnel (1911) and treated P. lingam as the type species for Plenodomus. Ariyawansa et al. (2015) added two new species, P. guttulatus and P. salvia based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Since then, several authors have added new species to Plenodomus (Hyde et al. 2020, Marin-Felix et al. 2017, Phookamsak et al. 2019). Plenodomus is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in Leptosphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Plenodomus are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB and RPB2.
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