Mycoleptodiscus terrestris
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostaz., Mycologia 59(6): 970 (1968) [1967].
≡ Leptodiscus terrestris Gerd., Mycologia 45(4): 552 (1953).
Index Fungorum number: IF 334680; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11967, Fig. 1
Description: see Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2019).
Material considered: see Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2019).
Fig. 1 Mycoleptodiscus spp. a, b M. sphaericus. a Conidiomata. b Sporodochium. c Conidia of M. terrestris. d, e M. indicus. d Sporodochium. e Conidia. (a, b re-drawn from Fig. 3, 5 in Ostazeski 1967; c re-drawn from Fig. 3 in Hofstra et al. 2009; d, e re-drawn from Fig. 355 in Ellis 1976). Scale bars: a = × 35, b = × 240, c = 10 μm, d = × 650, e = 5 μm.
Importance and distribution
Mycoleptodiscin B produced from Mycoleptodiscus has the ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines (Ortega et al. 2013). Mycoleptodiscus sp. isolated as endophyte from the leaves of Desmotes incomparabilis has anti-parasitic ability (Martínez-Luis et al. 2011). Verma and Charudattan (1993) reported M. terrestris as a potential microbial herbicide for eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, hence, useful in agricultural industry. Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is also an effective biological control of aquatic plants (Nelson & Shearer 2008).
Quarantine significance
Padhye et al. (1995) reported that Mycoleptodiscus indicus was the causal agent of subcutaneous infection in the knee of a 72-year-old male gardener in South Carolina. Metry et al. (2010) found pyogranulomatous inflammation of an 8-year-old dog caused by M. indicus. Koo et al. (2012) reported progressive necrotizing fungal cellulitis and myositis in the leg of a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is a pathogen of herbaceous Fabaceae of economic concern (Gerdemann 1953). Mycoleptodiscus terrestris infects forage legumes and soybeans in Wisconsin (Smith et al. 1998).
Siriwach et al. (2012) reported Mycoleptione, a chromone derivative from the endophytic Mycoleptodiscus sp. MU41. Ortega et al. (2013) reported two reddish-orange alkaloids, mycoleptodiscin A and mycoleptodiscin B from the liquid cultures of the endophytic Mycoleptodiscus sp. found from Desmotes incomparabilis in Central America (Panama). Andrioli et al. (2014) reported Mycoleptones A-C and Polyketides 6-methoxyeugenin, 9-hydroxyeugenin, austdiol and eugenitin from endophytic M. indicus from a medicinal plant Borreria verticillata (Rubiaceae). Dissanayake et al. (2016) reported that mycoleptodiscin B from endophytic Mycoleptodiscus sp. isolated from Calamus thwaitesii (Arecaceae) had antimicrobial activities. Oliveira et al. (2019) reported antibacterial activity of Austdiol isolated from M. indicus against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. Portela et al. (2020) reported that M. indicus produces phytotoxic metabolites under optimized settings of submerged fermentation. Some polyketides such as austidiol, eugenitin, 6-methoxieugenin and 9-hydroxyeugenin were also reported from M. indicus (Portela et al. 2020). There are 20 Mycoleptodiscus epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but some species have been transferred to Muyocopron and Omnidemptus. Mycoleptodiscus comprises seven species known on leaves of Panicum effusum (Poaceae), dead leaves of Ficus septica (Moraceae), Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), living leaves of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae), roots of Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae), from soil and roots of Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae), roots of red clover (Fabaceae), leaves of Chlorophytum capense (Asparagaceae) and on Dianella congesta (Phormiaceae). Mycoleptodiscus is reported from Asia (India, Taiwan, Thailand), Australia (Queensland), South America (Brazil, Peru) and The United States (Illinois).
References
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