Rhytidhysteron brasiliense
Rhytidhysteron brasiliense Speg., Anal. Soc. cient. argent. 12(4): 188 (1881).
Index Fungorum number: IF 432014; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00370, Fig. 1
Description: see Yacharoen et al. (2015).
Material considered: see Yacharoen et al. (2015).
Fig. 1 Rhytidhysteron brasiliense (S-F113846, modified from Fig. 18 in Yacharoen et al. 2015). a Group of apothecia on specimen. b Section through ascomata. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e Asci with ascospores. f, g Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 2000 μm, c = 30 μm, d = 2 μm, e = 10 μm, f, g = 5 μm.
Importance and distribution
Species of Rhytidhysteron are saprobic and help in decomposition of organic matter maintaining the nutrient cycle. Some taxa are pathogenic to humans and cause infection mainly through traumatic inoculation resulting in swollen lesions on extremities such as nodules of the hand (Mudhigeti et al. 2018). Rhytidhysteron comprises 21 species known on several host plants such as branches of Celtis tala (Cannabaceae), Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae), Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae), Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae), mangrove (Rhizophoraceae), Scutia indica (Rhamnaceae), Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae), Opuntia fulgida (Cactaceae) amongst others. Rhytidhysteron has a wide geographical distribution such as Asia (China, India, Indonesia, Thailand), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia) and the United States (Arizona, Texas).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Rhytidhysteron produces a wide range of chemicals such as (±)-Rhytidhymarins A and B, two pairs of isocoumarin derivatives (Zhang et al. 2021), melanin (Chander et al. 2016), oxygenated chromones (Chokpaiboon et al. 2016), Rhytidenones A–F, Spirobisnaphthalenes (Pudhom and Teerawatananond 2014), Rhytidhyesters A – D which are chlorinated cyclopentene derivatives (Zhang et al. 2021b) amongst others.
References
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Chander J, Singla N, Kundu R, Handa U, Chowdhary A. 2017 – Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Rhytidhysteron rufulum and Review of Literature. Mycopathologia 182(3-4), 403–407.
Chokpaiboon S, Choodej S, Boonyuen N, Teerawatananond T, Pudhom K. (2016). Highly oxygenated chromones from mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Rhytidhysteron rufulum. Phytochemistry 122, 172–177.
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Pudhom K, Teerawatananond T, Chookpaiboon S. 2014 – Spirobisnaphthalenes from the mangrove-derived fungus Rhytidhysteron sp. AS21B. Marine Drugs 6,12, 1271–80.
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Spegazzini C. 1881 – Fungi Argentini Additis Nonnullis Brasiliensibus Montevideensibusque. In DC Berg, EE Clerici, A Silva, EL Arribavzaga, PD Valle (Eds.), Anales de la Sociedad Clentífica Argentina. De Pablo E. Coni, Agentina, 188–189.
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Yacharoen S, Tian Q, Chomnunti P, Boonmee S et al. 2015 – Patellariaceae revisited. Mycosphere 6, 290–326.
Zhang S, Chen D, Kuang M, Peng W et al. 2021 – Rhytidhylides A and B, Two New Phthalide Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Rhytidhysteron sp. BZM-9. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 26(20), 6092.
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