Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Grif. & Maubl. Bull. trimest. Soc.Mycol. Fr. 25: 57 (1909).
≡ Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., in Patouillard & Lagerheim, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 8(3): 136 (1892).
Index Fungorum number: IF 188476; Facesoffungi number: FoF00167, Fig. 1
Description: see Phillips et al. (2008, 2013).
Material considered: see Phillips et al. (2008, 2013).
Fig. 1145 Lasiodiplodia spp. (a–j L. pseudotheobromae MFLU 18-1032). a, b Culture characters on PDA. c Section through conidiomata. d Conidiomatal wall. e–g Conidiogenous cells. h–j Conidia. (k–p L. magnoliae MFLU 18-1030, holotype) k Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. l Section through conidioma. m Peridium. n Conidiogenous cells. o, p Conidia. (q–s L. endophytica) q Conidiomata on bamboo sticks in PDA. r, s Fungal mycelia. Scale bars: c, d = 50 μm, e, f, l = 5 μm, g–j, m–p = 10 μm, k = 200 μm.
Importance and distribution
Most species of Lasiodiplodia are pathogenic and causes disease on several hosts. For example, Lasiodiplodia theobromae is the causal agent of die back of mango which affects yield in Pakistan (Ateeq et al. 2015). Some species of Lasiodiplodia are saprobic and helps in decomposition of organic matter in the ecosystem. Lasiodiplodia produces several compounds which are beneficial in cancer treatment. For example, Valayil et al. (2016) found Steroidal Saponin Cholestanol Glucoside from Lasiodiplodia theobromae that induces Apoptosis in A549 cells. Lasiodiplodia is the causal agent of grapevine dieback, commonly known as black dead arm or Botryosphaeria canker (Rusin et al. 2021).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Lasiodiplodia produces several chemicals. Cis-4-hydroxymellein, de-O-methyl-lasiodiplodin, ethyl hydrogen fumarate, (–)-Mellein, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-formylindole, jasmonic acid and lasiodiplodin have been reported from Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Aldridge et al. 1971). Matsuura et al. (1998) reported Cyclohexene compound from L. theobromae. Qian et al. (2014) reported indole-3-carboxylic acid and other aromatic metabolites from an endophytic Lasiodiplodia sp. ME4-2. Several chemical compounds have been reported from Lasiodiplodia such as cyclohexenes and cyclohexenones, indoles, jasmonates, lactones, melleins, phenols, and others (Salvatore et al. 2016). Cytotoxic and antibacterial Preussomerins was reported from the Mangrove endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae ZJ-HQ1 (Chen et al. 2016). Kamal et al. (2017) reported anti-trypanosomal metabolites from the endophytic L. theobromae. Félix et al. (2019) reported several chemicals 2R/2S,3S,4S)-3-epi-botryodiplodin, 3-indolcarboxylic acid, botryodiplodins), jasmonic acid, lasiolactols, melleins and substituted 2-dihydrofuranones from grapevine strains of L. theobromae. Reveglia et al. (2019) reported (R)- (-)-mellein and tyrosol produced by L. laeliocattleyae causing dieback of grapevines in Brazil. Pellissier et al. (2021) isolated Isocoumarin derivatives with specific inhibitory activity against Wnt Pathway and Metabolome characterization of L. venezuelensis. Sato et al. (2021) reported β-Resorcylic acid derivatives from the endophytic L. theobromae in the Mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum.
Lasiodiplodia comprises 64 species known on wide range of plants such as Adansonia madagascariensis (Malvaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Annona squamosa (Annonaceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae) Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae), Malus domestica (Rosaceae), Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae), Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) and Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae). One species have been synonymized and transferred to Granulodiplodia. Lasiodiplodia has a cosmopolitan distribution.
References
Aldridge DC, Galt S, Giles D, Turner WB. 1971 – Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic 1623–1627.
Ateeq ur R, Umar U, Naqvi SAH, Latif M, Khan S, Malik M, Freed S. 2015 – Emerging resistance against different fungicides in Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the cause of mango dieback in Pakistan. Archives of Biological Sciences 67, 241–249.
Chen S, Chen D, Cai R, Cui H, Long Y, Lu Y, Li C, She Z. 2016 – Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Preussomerins from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae ZJ-HQ1. Journal of Natural Products 79, 2397–402. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00639.
Clendenin I. 1896 – Lasiodiplodia E. & E., n. gen. Botanical Gazette 21, 92–93.
Denman S, Crous PW, Taylor JE, Kang JC, Pascoe I, Wingfield MJ. 2000 – An overview of the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria and a re-evaluation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny. Studies in Mycology 45, 129−140.
Félix C, Salvatore MM, DellaGreca M, Ferreira V et al. 2019 – Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae grown at two different temperatures. Mycologia 111, 466–476. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1600342.
Griffon WM, Maublanc A. 1909 – Sur une maladie du cacaoyer. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 25, 51−58.
Kamal N, Viegelmann CV, Clements CJ, Edrada-Ebel R. 2017 – Metabolomics-Guided Isolation of Anti-trypanosomal Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Planta medica 83, 565–573.
Matsuura H, Obara N, Chisaka N, Ichihara A, Yoshihara T. 1998 – Novel Cyclohexene Compound from Lasiodiplodia theobromae IFO 31059. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 62, 2460–2462.
Patouillard N, De Lagerheim G. 1892 – Champignons de l’equateur (Pugillus II). Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 8, 113−140.
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, Gryzenhout M, Wingfield MJ. 2004 − Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis sp. nov., a new Botryosphaeria anamorph from native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa. Studies in Mycology 50, 313 – 322.
Pellissier L, Koval A, Marcourt L, Ferreira Queiroz E et al. 2021 – Isolation and Identification of Isocoumarin Derivatives With Specific Inhibitory Activity Against Wnt Pathway and Metabolome Characterization of Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis. Frontiers in chemistry 9, 664489. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.664489
Phillips AJ, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2013 – The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76, 51–167. doi: 10.3114/sim0021.
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, Johnston PR, Ramaley A, Akulov A, Crous PW. 2008 – Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 21, 29–55.
Qian CD, Fu YH, Jiang FS, Xu ZH et al. 2014 – Lasiodiplodia Sp. ME4-2, an Endophytic Fungus From the Floral Parts of Viscum Coloratum, Produces Indole-3-Carboxylic Acid and Other Aromatic Metabolites. BMC Microbiology 14, 297. doi: 10.1186/s12866-014-0297-0
Reveglia P, Masi M, Evidente A. 2020 – Melleins-Intriguing Natural Compounds. Biomolecules 10(5), 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050772
Rusin C, RossiCavalcanti F, Giloni-Lima P, Faria C, Almança M, Botelho R. 2020 – Control of the fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of dieback, in cv. syrah grapevines. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy 43.
Salvatore M, Alves A, Andolfi A. 2020 – Secondary Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence. Toxins 12, 457.
Sato S, Sofian FF, Suehiro W, Harneti D et al. 2021 – β-Resorcylic Acid Derivatives, with Their Phytotoxic Activities, from the Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae in the Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum. Chemistry & Biodiversity 18, e2000928. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202000928.
Slippers B, Crous PW, Denman S, Coutinho TA, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. 2004 – Combined multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters differentiate several species previously identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Mycologia 96, 83–101.
Valayil JM, Kuriakose GC, Jayabaskaran C. 2016 – Isolation, Purification and Characterization of a Novel Steroidal Saponin Cholestanol Glucoside from Lasiodiplodia theobromae that Induces Apoptosis in A549 Cells. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry 16, 865–874.
Zhou S, Stanosz GR. 2001 – Relationships among Botryosphaeria species and associated anamorphic fungi inferred from the analysis of ITS and 5.8S rDNA sequences. Mycologia 93, 516–527.
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