Cylindrosympodium
Cylindrosympodium W.B. Kendr. & R.F. Castañeda, in Castañeda Ruiz & Kendrick, Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 32: 9 (1990).
Index Fungorum number: IF 11257; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09215, 8 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 2 species with molecular data.
Mycelium comprising branched, pale to medium brown, smooth, septate hyphae. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiophores solitary, erect, septate, subcylindrical to cylindrical, medium brown to brown, smooth, straight to flexuous, sometimes rejuvenating percurrently. Conidiogenous cells terminal or intercalary, subcylindrical to clavate, pale to medium brown, mono- or polyblastic, sometimes sympodial; conidiogenous loci sometimes arranged in a rachis, flat or prominent, thickened or unthickened, somewhat darkened and refractive. Conidia in chains or rarely solitary, subcylindrical, ampulliform to fusoid-ellipsoid, acicular, hyaline, pale to medium brown, smooth, prominently guttulate, septate or aseptate; hila truncate, sometimes darkened and refractive (adapted from Shen et al. 2020).
Type species: Cylindrosympodium variabile (de Hoog) W.B. Kendr. & R.F. Castañeda
Notes: Cylindrosympodium is characterised by erect, septate, subcylindrical to cylindrical conidiophores, subcylindrical to clavate, pale to medium brown conidiogenous cells, and ampulliform to fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, pale to medium brown conidia. Cylindrosympodium variabile was previously known as Subulispora variabilis but was not congeneric with the type species of S. procurvata. Several authors added new species to Cylindrosympodium (Marvanová and Laichmanová 2007; Crous et al. 2007b; Paulus et al. 2003; Castañeda and Kendrick 1991; Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2012). In the phylogenetic analysis of Shen et al. (2020) based on ITS, LSU rDNA, TEF-1, BTUB and RPB2 DNA sequence, Cylindrosympodium is basal to other genera of Cylindrosympodiaceae and closely related to Pseudoanungitea. Cylindrosympodium differs from Pseudoanungitea in having subhyaline to pale olivaceous conidia, and slightly darkened, but not refractive conidiogenous loci (Crous et al. 2007b). Cylindrosympodium is typical to members of Venturiales in having blastic conidiogenesis, subcylindrical to clavate, pale to medium brown conidiogenous cells, and solitary or concatenate, subcylindrical, ampulliform to fusoid-ellipsoid conidia. Cylindrosympodium is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct and type genus of Cylindrosympodiaceae. Molecular markers are available for two species C. variabile (ITS, LSU) and C. lauri (ITS).
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