Scolecobasidium terreum
Scolecobasidium terreum E.V. Abbott, Mycologia 19(1): 30 (1927).
Index Fungorum number: IF 280061; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12048, Fig. 1
Description: see Abbott (1927); Yarita et al. (2010); Martin-Sanchez et al. (2012); Hao et al. (2013).
Material considered: see Abbott (1927); Yarita et al. (2010); Martin-Sanchez et al. (2012); Hao et al. (2013).
Fig. 1 Scolecobasidium sp. (re-drawn from Fig 1 in Abbott 1927). a, b S. terreum. a Conidiophores. b Germination. c, d S. constrictum. c Conidiophores. d Germination. Scale bars = 5 μm.
Importance and distribution
Scolecobasidium sp. was reported to be associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on banana in China (Hao et al. 2012). Scolecobasidium is useful to agricultural and pharmaceutical industry as it can produce Gibberellin and other Plant Growth Enhancement compounds (Hamayun et al. 2008). Scolecobasidium humicola is a pathogen of fish mainly coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) causing kidney infections. Scolecobasidium sp. also causes life-threatening pulmonary and cerebral granulomatous lesions (Pundhir et al. 2016). Scolecobasidium produces Gibberellin, Plant Growth Enhancement compounds and several other toxins responsible for their pathogenic nature (Hamayun et al. 2008). There are 63 Scolecobasidium epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Dactylaria, Neta, Ochroconis, Paradendryphiella, Trichoconis, Veronaea and Verruconis. Scolecobasidium comprises 44 species known on a wide range of plants such as Camellia japonica (Theaceae), Cinnamomum japonicum (Lauraceae), Cistus sp. (Cistaceae), Eucalyptus tereticornis (Myrtaceae), Liparis viridifolia (Orchidaceae), Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae), Paulownia kawakamii (Paulowniaceae), Phillyrea angustifolia (Oleaceae), Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae), Quercus ilex (Fagaceae), Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) as well as in soil, water and human. Scolecobasidium has wide distribution such as Africa (Tanzania), Asia (China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand), Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic), Europe (England, Poland, Italy), Oceania (Solomon Islands) and South America (Venezuela).
References
Abbott EV. 1927– Scolecobasidium, a new genus of soil fungi. Mycologia 19, 29–31.
De Hoog GS, von Arx JA. [“1973”] – Revision of Scolecobasidium and Pleurophragmium. Kavaka 1, 55–60.
de Hoog GS. 1985 – Taxonomy of the Dactylaria complex IV. Dactylaria, Neta, Subulispora and Scolecobasidium. Studies in Mycology 26, 52–53.
Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson TH. 1980 – Compendium of Soil Fungi. Vol. 1-2, Academic Press, London.
Ellis MB. 1976 – More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.
Hamayun M, Afzal Khan S, Iqbal I, Na CI et al. 2009 – Produces Gibberellins and Promotes Plant Growth. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) 47, 425–430.
Hao L, Chen C, Zhang R, Zhu M, Sun G, Gleason ML. 2013 – A new species of Scolecobasidium associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on banana from China. Mycological Progress 12, 489–495.
Horré R, de Hoog GS, Kluczny C, Marklein G, Schaal KP. 1999 – rDNA diversity and physiology of Ochroconis and Scolecobasidium species reported from humans and other vertebrates. Studies in Mycology 43, 194–205.
Martin-Sanchez PM, Nováková A, Bastian F, Alabouvette C, Saiz Jimenez C. 2012 – Two new species of the genus Ochroconis, O. lascauxensis and O. anomala isolated from black stains in Lascaux Cave, France. Fungal Biology 116, 574–589.
Pundhir P, Tuda C, Vincentelli C, Morlote D, Rivera C. 2017 – Scolecobasidium granulomatous pneumonia and abscess - an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen: a case report. International journal of STD & AIDS 28, 94–96.
Wellman AM. 1975 – A new species of Ochroconis isolated from pelagic tar fragments. Canadian Journal of Botany 53, 1630–1633.
Yarita K, Sano A, Samerpitak K, Kamei K, Hoog S, Nishimura K. 2010 – Ochroconis calidifluminalis, a Sibling of the Neurotropic Pathogen O. gallopava, Isolated from Hot Spring. Mycopathologia 170, 21–30.
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