Valsariales » Valsariaceae » Valsaria

Valsaria insitiva

Valsaria insitiva (Tode) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1(fasc. 4): 205 (1863).

≡ Sphaeria insitiva Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. (Lüneburg) 2: 36 (1791).

= Valsaria citri Rehm, Leafl. of Philipp. Bot. 6(no. 105): 2270 (1914).

            Index Fungorum number: IF 450784; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00607, Fig. 1

Description:

Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Stromata 300–1700 μm high, 700–1800 μm diam., pseudostromatic immersed erumpent, mostly gregarious to coalescing into clusters ranging from narrowly elongate to irregularly shaped, sub globose with flattened base, enclosed on top and/or at the sides by a black, pseudoparenchymatous crust, blackening the wood surface between adjacent stromata. Ascomata 200–450 μm high, 200–500 μm diam., vertical to oblique, subglobose to flask-shaped, laterally collapsed when dry, dark brown to black, ostiolate. Peridium 14–25 μm thick, single layered, pseudoparenchymatous, consisting light brown cells of textura angularis. Ostiolar necks long, cylindrical, with hyaline periphyses. Paraphyses 1.5–5 μm wide, numerous, filiform, simple, unbranched, tapering upwards, apically free. Asci 65–80 μm × 10–15 μm (n=20), bitunicate, cylindrical, containing 6–8 uniseriate ascospores; stipe short, truncate; apex containing indistinct ocular chamber. Ascospores 12–15 × 7.5–10 μm, ellipsoid, dark brown, 2- celled, with a dark central, not or hardly constricted septum thicker than the wall; surface finely tuberculate. Asexual morph: Unknown.

Material examined: Philippines, Los Baños, on dead Citrus nobilis (Rutaceae), 21 October 1913, M. B. Raimundo, Ex Herb. Rehm (F5674, holotype).

 

Fig. 1 Valsaria citri (= Valsaria insitiva (Tode) Ces. & De Not; S, F5674! holotype). a Herbarium material. b Ascomata on natural substrate. c Cross section of ascomata. d Peridium. e Ostiole with periphyses. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–m Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 1000 μm, c = 100 μm, d–i = 20 μm, j–m = 10 μm.

Importance and distribution

There are 121 Valsaria epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been transferred to Apiorhynchostoma, Bambusaria, Chapeckia, Cytospora, Didymosphaeria, Diplodia, Geejayessia, Jobellisia, Massariovalsa, Myrmaecium, Nemania, Phaeosperma, Phomopsis, Pseudothis, Pseudovalsaria and Roussoella. Valsaria comprises thirty-three species known on various host plants in Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Magnoliaceae, Poaceae, Sapindaceae and Vitaceae. Valsaria has a wide geographical distribution such as Africa (Ivory Coast), Asia (China, Philippines), Europe (East Aegean Islands, Greece), North America (Canada, the United States) and South America (Argentina).

 

Reference

Jaklitsch WM, Fournier J, Dai DQ, Hyde KD, Voglmayr H. 2015 – Valsaria and the Valsariales. Fungal Diversity 73, 159–202.

 

 

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