Trypethelium eluteriae
Trypethelium eluteriae Spreng., Anleit. Kennt. Gew. 3: 350 (1804).
Index Fungorum number: IF 122402; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12018, Fig. 1
Description: see Hyde et al. (2013); Nelsen et al. (2014); Aptroot and Lücking (2016).
Material considered: see Hyde et al. (2013); Nelsen et al. (2014); Aptroot and Lücking (2016).
Fig. 1 Trypethelium eluteriae (Moncada 3399). a Surface view of thallus and pseudostromatic ascomata. b Section through ostiolar region of perithecium. c Paraphysoids. d–f Asci with ascospores. g–i Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b–i = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
Trypethelium produces Trypethelone and phenalenone derivatives which have antimycobacterial activities (Srinivasan et al. 2020). Basnet et al. (2019) reported 1, 2-naphthoquinone-derived pigments from Trypethelium eluteriae. Srinivasan et al. (2020) reported Trypethelone and phenalenone derivatives from the mycobiont culture of Trypethelium eluteriae and demonstrated their anti-mycobacterial activities. There are 139 Trypethelium epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Architrypethelium, Astrothelium, Bathelium, Leptosphaeria, Leucodecton, Marcelaria, Melanotheca, Parmentaria, Pertusaria, Polymeridium, Pyrenula, Rhabdodiscus, Trypethelium and Viridothelium. Trypethelium is reported on bark of trees including Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Annona cubensis (Annonaceae), Gossypiospermum praecox (Salicaceae), Guettarda valenzuelana (Rubiaceae) and Podocarpus sp. (Podocarpaceae).
References
Aptroot A, Lücking R. 2016 − A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48, 763–982.
Basnet BB, Liu L, Zhao W, Liu R et al. 2019 – New 1, 2-naphthoquinone-derived pigments from the mycobiont of lichen Trypethelium eluteriae Sprengel. Natural Product Research 33, 2044–2050.
Harris RC. 1995 – More Florida Lichens Including the 10c Tour of the Pyrenolichens. New York: Published by the author.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Luangsuphabool T, Lumbsch HT, Aptroot A, Piapukiew J, Sangvichien E. 2016 – Five new species and one new record of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae, Ascomycota) from Thailand. Lichenologist 48, 727–737.
Lücking R, Hodkinson BP, Leavitt SD. 2016 – The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota – Approaching one thousand genera. The Bryologist 119, 361–416.
Makhija U, Patwardhan PG. 1993 – A distribution to our knowledge of the lichen genus Trypethelium (family Trypetheliaceae). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 73, 183–219.
Nelsen MP, Lücking R, Aptroot A, Andrew CJ et al. 2014 – Elucidating phylogenetic relationships and genus-level classification within the fungal family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes). Taxon 63, 974–992.
Srinivasan M, Shanmugam K, Kedike B, Narayanan S, Shanmugam S, Gopalasamudram Neelakantan H. 2020 – Trypethelone and phenalenone derivatives isolated from the mycobiont culture of Trypethelium eluteriae Spreng. and their anti-mycobacterial properties. Natural Product Research 34, 3320–3327.
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