Architrypethelium
Architrypethelium Aptroot, Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 120 (1991).
Index Fungorum number: IF 26294; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08787, 8 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 4 species with molecular data.
Lichenized on host. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary or aggregated. Ostioles apical or eccentric. Wall hyphal (textura intricata), carbonized. Hamathecium clear or inspersed with oil droplets, filaments thin, anastomosing paraphysoids. Ascospores distoseptate, usually also with euseptate walls, mostly brown, 3–5-septate, large, often with longitudinal folds in the wall, rarely colorless. Asexual morph: Pycnidia unknown. Chemistry. Lichexanthone rarely present (adapted from Aptroot & Lücking 2016).
Type species: Architrypethelium seminudum (Mont.) Aptroot
Notes: Architrypethelium is characterised by solitary or aggregated ascomata, brown, distoseptate or 3–5-septate ascospores. Architrypethelium morphologically resembles Astrothelium, Laurera, Cryptothelium, and Trypethelium but differs in having 3-septate, very large ascospores, hyaline when young turning dark brown when mature and lack a diamond-shaped lumina which occurs in Astrothelium when mature (Aptroot 1991, Aptroot et al. 2008, Nelsen et al. 2014). Architrypethelium can be confused with Pyrenula based on the large, 3-septate ascospores but differs in hamathecium structure Architrypethelium accommodates crustose lichens with perithecioid ascomata developing on tree bark in the tropics (Aptroot & Lücking 2016). Even though, Architrypethelium resembles Astrothelium, the two genera are distantly related. In the phylogenetic analysis of Lücking et al. (2016), members of Astrothelium clustered into two groups with one of them forming a sister clade to Architrypethelium. Architrypethelium also resembles Aptrootia in having muriform ascospores and astrothelioid stage in immature ascospores and the latter forms a sister clade with Architrypethelium and Astrothelium (Lücking et al. 2016). Several authors added new species to Architrypethelium based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Aptroot and Lücking (2016) added two combinations A. columbianum and A. grande. Aptroot (2008) added A. hyalinum. Lücking et al. (2016) added A. lauropaluanum. Luangsuphabool et al. (2018) added A. murisporum and reported that ascospore septation is variable in this genus. Flakus et al. (2016) added A. penuriixanthum. Architrypethelium is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in Trypetheliaceae. Only LSU sequence data are available for Architrypethelium species (A. murisporum, A. niten and A. uberinum) and mtSSU sequence data for Architrypethelium nitens.
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