Trematosphaeria pertusa
Trematosphaeria pertusa Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23-24: 161 (1870) [1869-70].
Index Fungorum number: IF 197662; Facesoffungi number: FoF11767, Fig. 1
Description: see Zhang et al. (2008); Tanaka et al. (2015).
Material considered: see Zhang et al. (2008); Tanaka et al. (2015).
Fig. 1 Trematosphaeria pertusa. a, d, f from IFRD 2002, epitype, b, c, e, g from UPS! Neotype. a Ascomata on the host. b Section through ascoma. c Peridium. d, e Asci. f Ascus apex. g, h Ascospores. I Hyphopodia like structure of Trematosphaeria pertusa (in water). Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm, b, c = 100 µm, d, e = 20 µm, f–i = 10 µm.
Importance and distribution
Species of Trematosphaeria are saprobic and helps in decomposition of organic matter in the ecosystem. There is report of Trematosphones A and B from the desert plant endophytic fungus T. terricola (Song et al. 2019) and production of laccase enzyme from T. mangrovei, which show promising use in food and pharmaceutical industry (Mabrouk et al. 2012). There are 138 Trematosphaeria record in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been transferred to other genera such as Alpestrisphaeria, Amphisphaeria, Asteromassaria, Astrosphaeriella, Byssosphaeria, Byssothecium, Chaetomastia, Chaetosphaeria, Cryptosphaeria, Decaisnella, Eutypa, Hadrospora, Lasiosphaeriella, Leptosphaeria, Lizonia, Longicorpus, Lophiostoma, Massarina, Melanomma, Melomastia, Mycoglaena, Neotrematosphaeria, Pleospora, Quintaria, Requienella, Splanchnonema, Tympanopsis, Xenoastrosphaeriella, Xylosphaeria and Zignoella. Trematosphaeria comprises 86 species known on wide range of plants such as Abutilon indicum (Malvaceae), Calligonum sp. (Polygonaceae), Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae), Clematis vitalba (Ranunculaceae), Fagus sp. (Fagaceae), Helianthemum sp. (Cistaceae), Ligustrum sp. (Oleaceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae), Phragmites sp. (Poaceae), Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) and Tamarix articulata (Tamaricaceae). Trematosphaeria is reported from Asia (India, Japan, Pakistan), Africa (Canary Islands), Europe (Bulgaria, United Kingdom), Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States (New York, South Dakota). Only six species have molecular data. Collection of more specimens of Trematosphaeria and revision of existent species are needed for future studies.
References
Mabrouk A, Kheiralla Z, Hamed E, Youssry A, El Aty AA. 2012 – Characterization and purification of the crude Trematosphaeria mangrovei laccase enzyme. Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal 11, 93–98.
Song B, Li LY, Shang H, Liu Y, Yu M, Ding G, Zou ZM. 2019 – Trematosphones A and B, Two Unique Dimeric Structures from the Desert Plant Endophytic Fungus Trematosphaeria terricola. Organic Letters 21, 2139–2142.
Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Sato G et al. 2015 – Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82, 75–136.
Zhang Y, Fournier J, Pointing SB, Hyde KD. 2008a – Are Melanomma pulvis-pyrius and Trematosphaeria pertusa congeneric? Fungal Diversity 33, 47–60.
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