Torula herbarum
Torula herbarum (Pers.) Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1-2): 19 (1809).
Index Fungorum number: IF 199478; Facesoffungi number: FoF 01747, Fig. 1, 2
Description: see Crous et al. (2015); Su et al. (2016, 2018).
Material examined: see Crous et al. (2015); Su et al. (2016, 2018).
Fig. 1 Torula spp. a–d Torula fici (MFLU 20−0699). a Colonies on dead leaf. b Conidiogenesis. c, d Conidia. e–h Torula chromolaenae (MFLU 20–0698) e Colonies on dead leaf. f–h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 100 μm, b–d = 5 μm, e = 500 μm, f–h = 10 μm.
Fig. 2 Torula herbarum (re-drawn from Fig. 22 in Gharizadeh et al. 2004). a On dead wood of Prunus sp. b On dead wood in Someehsara. c On dead wood of Cydonia sp. d On dead wood of Salix. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Importance and distribution
Kadkol et al. (1971) reported naphthaquinone pigments, Herbarin and dehydroherbarin from Torula herbarum. There are 243 Torula epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been transferred to other genera such as Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Bahusaganda, Baudoinia, Berkeleyomyces, Bispora, Botryobasidium, Buckleyzyma, Candida, Catenularia, Cladophialophora, Coniosporium, Cryptococcus, Cryptocoryneum, Helicoceras, Hendersoniella, Kalchbrenneriella, Lachancea, Latorua, Matsushimaea, Microblastosporon, Monilinia, Naganishia, Neoscytalidium, Oidium, Papiliotrema, Papulaspora, Passalora, Peyronelia, Podosphaera, Polypaecilum, Pseudaegerita, Pseudotaeniolina, Saitozyma, Scopulariopsis, Solicoccozyma, Sphaerosporium, Taeniolella, Taeniolina, Wallemia, Xenodochus and Xylohypha. Torula has wide host range and distribution including Asia (China (Taiwan), Hong Kong, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia), Europe (Poland, United Kingdom), South America (Brazil) and The United States (California, Colorado, Idaho). Species that lack molecular data might belong to other genera hence needs constant revision.
References
Ellis MB. 1971 – Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew.
Ellis MB. 1976 – More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.
Gharizadeh KH, Khodaparast SA, Abbasi M, Elahinia SA. 2004 – A study on the identification of wood inhabiting Hyphomycetes in Gilan Province, Iran (II). Rostaniha 5.
Mason EW. 1941 – Annotated account of fungi received at the Imperial Bureau of Mycology. Mycological Papers 5, 1–144.
Subramanian CV. 1971 – Hyphomycetes. An account of Indian species except Cercosporae. Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi.
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