Cylindrotorula
Cylindrotorula Rajeshkumar, Wijayaw. & Bhat, in Boonmee et al., Fungal Diversity 111: 106 (2021).
Index Fungorum number: IF 557635; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08026, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on decaying Cocos nucifera spathe. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiomata sporodochial, scattered, greyish, dark greyish brown or dark brown. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, reduced, cylindrical, smooth, erect, unbranched or rarely branched. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical or button-shaped, produce primary and secondary conidia. Primary conidia arising holoblastically, elongated, cylindrical, wavy or undulated or flexuous, smooth at base, verrucose above, pale to dark brown, unbranched, phragmo-septate. Secondary conidia two types, globose and cylindrical, verrucose or smooth, arising from primary conidia from intercalary, monotretic, non-cicatrized conidiogenous loci just below septa; cylindrical or finger shaped conidia slightly curved, aseptate, thin-walled, brown (adapted from Boonmee et al. 2021).
Type species: Cylindrotorula indica Rajeshkumar, Wijayaw., Bhat, N. Ashtekar & S. Lad
Notes: Cylindrotorula is characterised by sporodochial, scattered, greyish conidiomata, cylindrical or button-shaped conidiogenous cells, holoblastically, elongated, cylindrical primary conidia, and globose or cylindrical, verrucose or smooth secondary conidia. Cylindrotorula morphologically resembles Alcornia, Parapericonia and Sporotretospora but the latter three genera lack DNA sequence data (Ellis 1976, Monteiro et al. 2017, Whitton et al. 2012). Cylindrotorula differs from Alcornia which has elongated, verruculose, flexuous conidiophores with a different basal constriction (Boonmee et al. 2021). Cylindrotorula differs from Sporotretophora which has monotretic conidiogenous cells and schizolytic conidial secession (Whitton et al. 2012, Boonmee et al. 2021). Cylindrotorula differs from Parapericonia in having monotretic, secondary conidial development (Boonmee et al. 2021). Cylindrotorula is unique in having narrowly cylindrical, curved, thin-walled secondary conidia with monotretic conidial ontogeny which is lacking in Alcornia, Parapericonia and Sporotretophora. In the phylogenetic analyses of Boonmee et al. (2021) based on ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1, Cylindrotorula formed a well-defined clade sister to Neotorula and Dendryphion within Torulaceae. Cylindrotorula differs from Dendryphion in that the latter has polytretic conidiogenous cells with pores surrounded by dark blemishes and chains of brown, septate conidia (Crous et al. 2014). Cylindrotorula is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in Torulaceae. Molecular markers available for Cylindrotorula include ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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