Polyplosphaeria
Polyplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray., in Tanaka et al., Stud. Mycol. 64: 192 (2009).
Index Fungorum number: IF 515256; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06668, 5 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 5 species with molecular data (Tibpromma et al. 2018).
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered to clustered, erumpent to superficial, globose, black to sometimes reddish-brown, with brown short hyphae at sides, mostly associated with reddish pigment. Beak slightly papillate, central, with hyaline periphyses. Ascomatal wall composed of rectangular to polygonal brown cells, sometimes poorly developed at the base. Pseudoparaphyses trabecular, numerous, tortuous, septate, branched and anastomosed, associated with gelatinous material. Asci fissitunicate, clavate, short-stalked, with 8 2-seriateascospores. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, slightly curved, 1(–3)-septate, constricted at the primary septum, hyaline to pale olive-brown, with an entire sheath. Asexual morphs Tetraploa-like with 3–8 setose appendages. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic. Conidia globose to subglobose, with thin peel-like outer wall of conidia, composed of numerous internal hyphae at the inside, brown, almost smooth, verrucose at the base. Appendages brown, straight (adapted from Tanaka et al. 2009).
Type species: Polyplosphaeria fusca Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.
Notes: Polyplosphaeria is characterised by scattered to clustered, erumpent to superficial ascomata, with slightly papillate beak, hyaline periphyses, trabecular, numerous, tortuous, septate pseudoparaphyses, fissitunicate, clavate, short-stalked asci and narrowly fusiform, slightly curved, 1(–3)-septate ascospores surrounded by an entire sheath. The asexual morph is Tetraploa-like characterised by 3–8 setose appendages, monoblastic conidiogenous cells and globose to subglobose conidia with brown, straight appendages. Polyplosphaeria resembles Piricauda in having similar morphology of conidia but Piricauda has mainly monotretic conidiogenous cells and muriform conidia (Mercado Sierra et al. 2005, Tanaka et al. 2009). Li et al. (2016a) added P. thailandica collected from decaying bamboo in Thailand. Tibpromma et al. (2018) described three Polyplosphaeria species from Pandanaceae and gave an updated account of its asexual morph. Polyplosphaeria is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct and well-defined genus in Tetraplosphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Polyplosphaeria include ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF-1 and BTUB.
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