Carinispora
Carinispora K.D. Hyde, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 110(2): 97 (1992).
Index Fungorum number: IF 26300; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08349, 2 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on decaying intertidal fronds of Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, scattered, solitary to gregarious, immersed beneath the host epidermis, becoming raised, erumpent through host tissue by minute papilla, hemisphaerical to lenticular, or depressed conical, with flattened base, uniloculate, glabrous, coriaceous, ostiole central, with minute papilla. Peridium of unequal thickness, thick at the sides, composed of several layers, of hyaline to dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells, partly intermixed with host cells, inner layer comprising several hyaline cells, outer layer comprising brown to dark brown cells, arranged in a textura prismatica to textura porrecta, with textura angularis at rim, poorly developed at the base. Hamathecium composed of dense, filiform, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing among the asci, distinct septate, embedded in a hyaline gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, with short, truncate or foot-like pedicel, apically rounded, with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uni- to biseriate, hyaline, fusiform with acute or rounded ends, 7–9-septate, slightly constricted at the septum, the two central cells being the largest, rough-walled, with echinulate, surrounded by distinct mucilaginous sheath; the sheath being spine-like in the centre, with curved polar extrusions. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Hyde et al. 2017).
Type species: Carinispora nypae K.D. Hyde
Notes: Carinispora is characterised by black, scattered, solitary to gregarious ascomata, 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate asci and hyaline, fusiform with acute or rounded ends, 7–9-septate ascospores. Carinispora resembles Phaeosphaeria but can be differentiated in that the latter has globose to subglobose, glabrous or setose ascomata with short to long papilla and ellipsoidal, fusiform to broadly fusiform, clavate, and cylindrical to filiform brown to dark brown ascospores while Carinispora has hemispherical to lenticular, or depressed conical ascomata with a minute papilla and hyaline, fusiform with acute or rounded ends ascospores surrounded by distinct mucilaginous sheath (Hyde 1992, 1994, Zhang et al. 2012). Hyde (1994) introduced the second species C. velatispora. Kirk et al. (2008) and Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010) accommodated Carinispora in Phaeosphaeriaceae. Zhang et al. (2012) re-circumscribed the generic type and treated Carinispora in Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis. Wijayawardene et al. (2014a) accommodated Carinispora in Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis. Hyde et al. (2017) transferred Carinispora to Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae based on multigene analyses of LSU, SSU and TEF1 sequence data. Carinispora is phylogenetically related to Pseudoastrosphaeriella in Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae but differs in that the latter has hemispherical or dome-shaped ascostromata immersed beneath the host epidermis, pseudoparenchymatous cells internally arranged in a textura angularis to textura prismatica while Carinispora has hemispherical to lenticular ascomata immersed beneath the host epidermis, becoming raised, erumpent through host tissue by minute papilla and pseudoparenchymatous cells arranged in a textura prismatica to textura porrecta, with textura angularis at rim, poorly developed at the base. Carinispora is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct and well-defined genus in Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae. Molecular markers available for Carinispora are SSU and TEF-1.
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