Dichotomophthora portulacae
Dichotomophthora portulacae Mehrl. & Fitzp. ex M.B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (Kew): 388 (1971).
Index Fungorum number: IF 312 976; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11664, Fig. 1
Description: see Ellis (1971) and Marin-Felix et al. (2019).
Material considered: see Ellis (1971) and Marin-Felix et al. (2019).
Fig. 1 Dichotomophthora basella (CPC 33016, ex-type, re-drawn from Fig. 14 in Marin-Felix et al. 2019). a Disease symptom on leaf. b, d Conidiogenous cells. c Conidiophores and conidia. e Conidia. f Microconidia. g, h Sclerotia. Scale bars: b–f = 10 μm, g, h = 100 μm.
Importance and distribution
Dichotomophthora can act as a biocontrol agent against several pathogens or plants. Dichotomophthora indica is a pathogen of two cacti, Myrtillocactus geometrizans and Gymmcalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii in the United States (Arizona) (Pfeiffer et al. 1989). Dichotomophthora portulacae is a biocontrol agent of common purslane (Klisiewicz 1985).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Hosoe et al. (1990) reported Demethylmacrosporin (1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), macrosporin, tetrahydroanthraquinones, altersolanols A and B, and ergosterol from Dichotomophthora lutea (Dactylaria lutea) in Japan. Alves et al. (2020) reported that the extract of a Dichotomophthora sp. showed activity against HCT-116 and PC-3 and can inhibit the AChE enzyme.
Dichotomophthora comprises five species known on Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii (Cactaceae), Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae), Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae), Beta vulgaris (Amaranthaceae), Pinus radiata (Pinaceae), Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae), Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae), Beta vulgaris (Amaranthaceae), Opuntia sp. (Cactaceae), Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) and Zygocactus truncatus (Cactaceae). Dichotomophthora is reported from Asia (India, Iran, Malaysia, Thailand), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Italy, Netherlands), South America (Brazil) and The United States (Arizona, Florida, Virginia). Dichotomophthora portulacae causing human keratitis was reported from subtropical Africa (de Hoog et al. 2000).
References
Alves D, Silva W, Santos D, Freire F, Vasconcelos F, Morais S. 2020 – Atividades antioxidante, anticolinesterasica e citotóxica de metabolitos de fungos endofiticos / antioxidant, anticolinesterasic and cytoxic activities of endophytic fungus metabolites. Brazilian Journal of Development 6, 73684–73691.
de Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gené J, Figueras MJ. 2000 – Atlas of Clinical Fungi. 2nd edn. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands, and Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
de Hoog GS, Oorschot CAN van, Hijwegen T. 1983 – Taxonomy of the Dactylaria complex. II. Dissoconium gen. nov. and Cordana Preuss. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 86, 197–206.
de Hoog GS, van Oorschot CA. 1985 – Taxonomy of the Dactylaria complex, IV-VI.
Ellis MB. 1971 – Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK.
Hosoe T, Nozawa K, Udagawa SI, Nakajima S, Kawai KI. 1990 – An anthraquinone derivative from Dichotomophthora lutea. Phytochemistry 29, 997–999.
Klisiewicz JM. 1985 – Growth and reproduction of Dichotomophthora portulacae and its biological activity on purslane. Plant disease 69, 761–762.
Marin-Felix Y, Hernández-Restrepo M, Iturrieta-González I, García D et al. 2019 – Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94, 1–124.
Mehrlich FP, Fitzpatrick HM. 1935 – Dichotomophthora portulacae, a pathogen of Portulaca oleracea. Mycologia 27, 543–550.
Pfeiffer CM, Wheeler JJE, Bach EDA, Gilbertson RL. 1989 – First report of Dichotomophthora indica as a pathogen of Myrtillocactus geometrizans and Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii in Arizona. Plant Disease 73, 81.
Rao PN. 1966 – A new species of Dichotomophthora on Portulaca oleracea from Hyderabad–India. Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata 28, 137–140.
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