Pleosporales » Phaeosphaeriaceae » Phaeosphaeria

Phaeosphaeria oryzae

Phaeosphaeria oryzae I. Miyake, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 23: 93 (1909).

Index Fungorum number: IF 142561; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00234, Fig. 1

Description: see Phookamsak et al. (2014), Ariyawansa et al. (2015), Zhang et al. (2019).

Material considered: see Phookamsak et al. (2014), Ariyawansa et al. (2015), Zhang et al. (2019).

Fig. 1 Phaeosphaeria oryzae (S-F9572, lectotype). a Herbarium label and specimens. b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section through ascomata. d Peridium. e, f Asci with ascospores. g–j Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 50 μm, d, g–j = 10 μm, e, f = 20 μm.

Importance and distribution

Phaeosphaeria is useful for pharmaceutical and medical industry as it produces several chemicals such as Phaeosphenone which has antibacterial activity (Zhang et al. 2008), regiolone, trihydroxydihydronaphthalenone, dihydroxymethoxydihydronaphthalenone which has antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines (El-Demerdash 2018).

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Phaeosphaeria produces several compounds including pyrazine alkaloids, isocoumarins, perylenequinones, anthraquinones, diterpenes, cyclic peptides, 4-hydroxyscytalone, acetylhydroxy-dimethoxy naphthaquinone, chlorinated diphenyl ether, oxybis (2,4-dichloro-5-methylphenol), dihydroxymethoxydihydronaphthalenone, ethylhydroxyldimethoxy naphthaquinone, kirschsteinin, regiolone, trihydroxydihydronaphthalenone, trihydroxydihydronaphthalenone, trihydroxydimethoxynaphthaquinone, two unsymmetrical naphthoquinone dimers, deacetylkirschsteinin, ent-Kaurene Synthase amongst others (El-Demerdash 2018).

There are 206 Phaeosphaeria epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to other genera such as Amarenomyces, Aquimassariosphaeria, Epicoccum, Juncaceicola, Leptosphaeria, Leptostroma, Massariosphaeria, Neokalmusia, Neomassariosphaeria, Neoophiosphaerella, Ophiosphaerella, Paraloratospora, Septoriella, Setophaeosphaeria, Setoseptoria and Typhicola. Phaeosphaeria has a wide host range such as Allium schoenoprasum (Amaryllidaceae), Anthericum sp. (Asparagaceae), Anthoxanthum odoratum (Poaceae), Carex sp. (Cyperaceae), Dactylis glomerata (Poaceae), Deschampsia flexuosa (Poaceae), Festuca paniculata (Poaceae), Helictotrichon pratense (Poaceae), Juncus sp. (Juncaceae), Koeleria pyramidata (Poaceae), Luzula sp. (Juncaceae), Nardus stricta (Poaceae), Phleum alpinum (Poaceae), Poa alpina (Poaceae), Sesleria coerulea (Poaceae), Stellaria crassipes (Caryophyllaceae) and Trisetum spicatum (Poaceae). Phaeosphaeria is known from Asia (Japan, Pakistan), Europe (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland) and North America (Canada, the United States). Phaeosphaeria needs revision as several species may belong to other genera.

References

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El-Demerdash A. 2018 – Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Phaeosphaeria Fungi Genus: A Systematic Review. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 4(4), 130.

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