Eudarluca
Eudarluca Speg., Revta Mus. La Plata 15(2): 22 (1908).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1921; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00245, 9 morphological species (Species Fungorum, 2022), molecular data unavailable.
Hyperparasitic associated with rust species (but not necessarily parasitic) on various hosts. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered, solitary to gregarious, immersed to semi-immersed under pseudoclypeus, unito multi-loculate, subglobose to irregular in shape, glabrous, dark brown to black, ostiole central, with minute papilla. Peridium thin-walled, composed of brown to dark brown, flattened, pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of numerous, filamentous, distinctly septate, frequently anastomosing, broadly cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, apically rounded, with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores phragmosporous, overlapping 2-seriate, fusiform or oblong with rounded ends, pale brown, septate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: see notes (Adapted from Phookamsak et al., 2014).
Type species: Eudarluca australis Speg.
Notes: Eudarluca was introduced by Spegazzini (1908) with E. australis as type species. Eudarluca is characterized by scattered, solitary to gregarious, immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, cylindrical, short pedicellate asci and fusiform or oblong with rounded ends, pale brown, septate ascospores. Eriksson (1966) considered Eu. australis as a synonym of Eudarluca caricis. The asexual and sexual morph relationship between Eudarluca caricis and Sphaerellopsis filum was obtained from ascospores growing on Puccinia extensicola-oenotherae and was established by Yuan et al. (1998) who grew ascospores of Eudarluca caricis on PDA and derived Sphaerellopsis conidia and conidiomata after 12 days. Zhang et al. (2012) compared the ITS sequence of Eudarluca caricis in Genbank with those of Leptosphaeria and reported that Eudarluca must be accommodated in Leptosphaeriaceae based on sequence similarity and morphology but the generic type of Eudarluca and Sphaerellopsis have never been linked (Wijayawardene et al., 2014b). Molecular studies on Eudarluca are restricted to species variation and are mostly based on Sphaerellopsis strains (Nischwitz et al., 2005; Bayon et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2012; Phookamsak et al., 2014). In the phylogenetic analysis of Phookamsak et al. (2014) based on ITS gene analysis, two strains of Eudarluca ciricis (MosID6 and MullMK) clustered in Leptosphaeriaceae. The type species of Sphaerellopsis was found on Quercus (Fagaceae) while the type of Eudarluca is known from Canna (Cannaceae) and these two generic types have not been linked by molecular data. Phookamsak et al. (2014) mentioned that Eu. australis is immersed in the Canna leaves and even though associated with the rust fungi (Sphaerellopsis) on Canna, it does not occur on rust. Phookamsak et al. (2014) tentatively placed Eudarluca in Phaeosphaeriaceae based on morphological similarity to Phaeosphaeria namely thin-walled peridium comprising pseudoparenchymatous cells, cylindrical, subsessile to short pedicellate asci and fusiform and phragmosporous ascospores. Molecular data is lacking for Eudarluca hence; fresh collections are needed to confirm the taxonomic placement of the genus.
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