Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum
Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum (Corda) Moesz 1915.
≡ Sphaeronaema hispidulum Corda, Icon. fung. (Prague) 4: 39 (1840).
Index Fungorum number: IF 247205; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07153, Fig. 1
Description: see De Gruyter et al. (2010), Phookamsak et al. (2014), Phukhamsakda et al. (2020).
Material considered: see De Gruyter et al. (2010), Phookamsak et al. (2014), Phukhamsakda et al. (2020).
Fig. 1 Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum (MFLU 15–1922). a Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. b Section through ascoma. c Peridium. d Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. e–j Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d–j = 5 μm.
Importance and distribution
The endophytic Chaetosphaeronema sp. (KY321184) was reported to produce herbarin and dehydroherbarin which show reduced cytotoxicity against the normal cell line and higher toxicity towards the breast cancer cell line (Osman et al. 2018). Dehydroherbarin also demonstrates high antiviral activity against Hepatitis A virus (Osman et al. 2018). Hence, Chaetosphaeronema is a promising source for natural bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications.
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
A novel phospholipase C inhibitor, hispidospermidin, was reported by Yanagisawa et al. (1994) which inhibited rat brain phospholipase. Ohtsuka et al. (1994) also reported the terpenoid (-)-hispidospermidin 1 from Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum (Cda) Moesz NR 7127 which can inhibit the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC) in rat brain. Zhang et al. (2020) reported Hispidulones A and B, from desert plant endophytic C. hispidulum. Zhang et al. (2018) reported five resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) hispidulactones A–E from the desert plant endophytic C. hispidulum. Zheng et al. (2020) obtained four 10-membered ring resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) such as hispidulactone F, three known analogs hispidulactone B, 2 R, 4R-sonnerlactone and 2 R, 4S-sonnerlactone from C. hispidulum.
Chaetosphaeronema comprises nine epithets, but two species have been transferred to Stagonospora and Pseudochaetosphaeronema. Chaetosphaeronema comprises seven species known on dead stems of Achillea nobilis (Asteraceae), on dead stems of Clematis patens (Ranunculaceae), dead branches of Clematis orientalis (Ranunculaceae), from bark of Malus pumila (Rosaceae), Euphorbia resinifera (Euphorbiaceae), Anthyllis vulneraria (Fabaceae), Dorycnium sp. (Fabaceae) and from air. Chaetosphaeronema is distributed in Asia (China (Taiwan), Japan, South European Russia), Europe (Belgium, Germany, Greece) and South America (Brazil).
References
De Gruyter J, Aveskamp MM, Woudenberg JHC, Verkley GJM et al. 2009 – Molecular phylogeny of Phoma and allied anamorph genera: Towards a re-classification of the Phoma complex. Mycological Research 113, 508–519.
De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp MM, Verkley GJM et al. 2010 – Systematic reappraisal of species in Phoma section Paraphoma, Pyrenochaeta and Pleurophoma. Mycologia 102, 1066–1081.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Ohtsuka T, Itezono Y, Nakayama N, Sakai A, Shimma N, Yokose K, Seto H. 1994 –Hispidospermidin, a novel phospholipase C inhibitor produced by Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum (Cda) Moesz NR 7127. II. Isolation, characterization and structural elucidation. The Journal of Antibiotics 47, 6–15. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.47.6.
Osman ME, El-Beih AA, Khatab OKH, Moghannem SAM, Abdullah NH. 2018 – Production of herbarin and dehydroherbarin by endophytic Chaetosphaeronema sp. (KY321184) isolated from Nepeta septemcrenata and evaluation of their bioactivities. South African Journal of Botany 117, 174–183.
Petrak F. 1944 – Über die Gattungen Chaetopyrena Pass., Sclerochaeta v. Höhn., Sclerochaetella v. Höhn., Vermiculariella Oud., Chaetosphaeronema Moesz und Pseudophoma v. Höhn. Annales Mycologici 42, 58–71.
Phookamsak R, Liu JK, McKenzie EH, Manamgoda DS et al. 2014 – Revision of Phaeosphaeriaceae. Fungal Diversity 68, 159–238.
Phukhamsakda C, McKenzie EHC, Phillips AJL, Jones EBG et al. 2020 – Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Diversity 102, 1–203.
Quaedvlieg W, Verkley GJM, Shin HD, Barreto RW et al. 2013 – Sizing up Septoria. Studies in Mycology 75, 307–390.
Schoch CL, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Boehm EWA et al. 2009 – A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes. Studies in Mycology 64, 1–15.
Sutton BC. 1980 – The Coelomycetes. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, pp 1–696.
Yanagisawa M, Sakai A, Adachi K, Sano T, Watanabe K, Tanaka Y, Okuda T. 1994 –Hispidospermidin, a novel phospholipase C inhibitor produced by Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum (Cda) Moesz NR 7127. I. Screening, taxonomy, and fermentation. The Journal of antibiotics 47, 1–5.
Zhang X, Liu ZL, Sun BD, Niu S et al. 2018 – Bioactive Resorcylic Acid Lactones with Different Ring Systems from Desert Plant Endophytic Fungus Chaetosphaeronema hispidulur. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, 8976–8982.
Zhang X, Tan X, Li Y, Wang Y et al. 2020 – Hispidulones A and B, two new phenalenone analogs from desert plant endophytic fungus Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum. Journal of antibiotics (Tokyo) 73, 56–59.
Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD. 2012 – Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53, 1–221.
Zhang Y, Schoch CL, Fournier J, Crous PW et al. 2009 – Multi-locus phylogeny of the Pleosporales: a taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary re-evaluation. Studies in Mycology 64, 85–102.
Zheng M, Xu ZL, Yang RM, Hu SC, Ding G, Qin JC, Zhang YG. 2020 – Stereochemical determination of four 10-membered ring resorcylic acid lactones from the desert plant endophytic fungus Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum. The Journal of Antibiotics 73, 471–474.
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