Neophaeosphaeria
Neophaeosphaeria M.P.S. Câmara, M.E. Palm & A.W. Ramaley, in Câmara et al., Mycol. Res. 107(5): 519 (2003).
Index Fungorum number: IF 28716; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08316, 4 morphological species (Species Fungorum, 2022), 4 species with molecular data.
Saprobic or pathogenic in terrestrial habitats, presently only known for Yucca sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered or clustered in circular areas, immersed, depressed globose, with a small ostiolar pore, slightly penetrating above the surface, under clypeus, coriaceous, papilla not conspicuous. Peridium comprising 3-layers of large pigmented thin-walled, pseudoparenchymatous, cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium of 1.5–2.5 μm wide dense, cellular pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate dehiscence not observed, broadly cylindrical to oblong, with a short, furcate, bulbous pedicel, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping, brown, ellipsoidal, 1–3-septate, constricted at the septum, cell above central septum widest, verruculose. Asexual morph: Coniothyrium-like. Conidiomata pseudoparenchymatous, sometimes stromatic. Conidiogenous cells lining entire locule. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, proliferating percurrently, usually resulting in conspicuous annellations. Conidia globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, aseptate, yellowish brown, often becoming brown at maturity, verrucose to punctuate (Adapted from Ariyawansa et al., 2015).
Type species: Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa (Ellis & Everh.) M.P.S. Câmara, M.E. Palm & A.W. Ramaley
Notes: Neophaeosphaeria was introduced by Câmara et al. (2003) with N. filamentosa as type species. Neophaeosphaeria is characterized by scattered or clustered ascomata, peridium comprising 3-layers of large pigmented thin-walled, pseudoparenchymatous, cells of textura angularis, obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping, brown, ellipsoidal, 1–3-septate ascospores. The asexual morph is Coniothyrium-like characterized by pseudoparenchymatous conidiomata, holoblastic conidiogenous cells proliferating percurrently and globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, aseptate, yellowish brown conidia. In the phylogenetic analysis of Câmara et al. (2001) based on ITS and SSU rDNA sequence data, four Neophaeosphaeria taxa formed a monophyletic clade but no familial status was assigned to the clade. The taxonomic placement of Neophaeosphaeria has been very confusing. In the phylogenetic analysis of Schoch et al. (2009) and Zhang et al. (2009), Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa, the generic type of Neophaeosphaeria formed a distinct clade in Leptosphaeriaceae with low to moderate statistical support. De Gruyter et al. (2013) mentioned that Neophaeosphaeria is related to Coniothyrium based on phylogenetic analysis of LSU, ITS, SSU, β-tubulin (TUB), and chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) regions but might belong to a distinct phylogenetic clade. De Gruyter et al. (2013) also reported that N. filamentosa grouped with Coniothyrium species with very poor statistical support. Ariyawansa et al. (2015) excluded Neophaeosphaeria from Leptosphaeriaceae and accommodated it in a new family Neophaeosphaeriaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of SSU, LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF and ACT gene regions. Neophaeosphaeria is morphologically and phylogenetically a well-defined genus in Neophaeosphaeriaceae. Molecular data available for Neophaeosphaeria include LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF and RPB2.
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