Melanomma pulvis-pyrius
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23-24: 160 (1870) [1869-70].
≡ Sphaeria pulvis-pyrius Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 1: 86 (1801).
Index Fungorum number: IF 182890; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00775, Fig. 1
Description: see Tian et al. (2015).
Material examined: see Tian et al. (2015).
Fig. 1. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (IFRD 2001, epitype). a Appearance of ascomata on the host surface. b Section through ascomata. c Peridium. d Filamentous, branching, septate pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci with ascospores. h–k Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 μm, b = 100 μm, c = 20 μm, d–k = 10 μm.
Melanomma subdispersum (P. Karst.) Berl. & Voglino, in Saccardo, Syll. fung., Addit. I-IV (Abellini): 148 (1886).
≡ Sphaeria subdispersa P. Karst., Hedwigia 23(4): 57 (1884).
Index Fungorum number: IF 162065; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00775, Fig. 2
Description:
Saprobic or hemibiotrophic on host. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–215 μm diam., 160–170 μm high, immersed, or semi-immersed, clustered or scattered, globose, ovoid, obovoid or obpyriform, brown to dark brown or black, membranous, surrounded by dark-brown setae. Peridium 45–60 μm, thick-walled composed of 4–5 layers of brown to dark brown pseudoparanchymatous cells, forming a textura globulosa, less dark towards the centre, Hamathecium 0.5–1.3 μm, comprising numerous, anastomosing, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in gelatinous matrix. Asci 90−100 × 11−12 µm (xÌ„ = 97.3 × 11.7 µm, n = 10), bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, with a long pedicel, apically rounded, with an indistinct ocular chamber. Ascospores 20−25 × 5.9−7 µm (xÌ„ = 22.9 × 6.5 µm, n = 10), uni-seriate, partially overlapping, narrowly fusoid with sharp to narrowly rounded edges, olivaceous brown to medium brown, 3-septate, constricted at median septum with a smooth spore wall and without a sheath. Asexual morph: Unknown.
Material examined: England, Dunford house, Midhurst, Sussex, on bark of Betula (Betulaceae), 23 May 1959, M.B Ellis (UME 27027).
Fig. 2 Melanomma subdispersum (UME 27027). a–d Herbarium material and appearance of ascomata on host substrate. e Section through ascoma. f Peridium. g Trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. h–l Asci. m–q Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 5000 μm, d = 500 μm, e, h–l = 50 μm, f, m–q = 20 μm, g = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
There are 175 Melanomma epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been transferred to other genera such as Acanthostigma, Amphisphaeria, Astrosphaeriella, Bertia, Byssothecium, Capronia, Ceratostomella, Chaetomastia, Chiajaea, Cucurbitaria, Exosporiella, Gibberidea, Herpotrichia, Hymenopleella, Kalmusia, Kastanostachys, Lepteutypa, Leptosphaeria, Lizonia, Melanopsamma, Menispora, Monascostroma, Nigrograna, Paraconiothyrium, Paraleptosphaeria, Plenodomus, Pleospora, Pyrenula, Requienella, Splanchnonema, Sporormiella, Syncarpella, Teichospora, Thaxteriella, Thyridaria, Tirisporella, Trematosphaeria, Winterina, Xenonectria and Zignoella. Melanomma has wide host range such as Acer sp. (Sapindaceae), Bambusa sp. (Poaceae), Fagus sp. (Fagaceae), Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae), Hedera sp. (Araliaceae), Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae), Lonicera periclymenum (Caprifoliaceae), Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae), Rhamnus sp. (Rhamnaceae), Sambucus sp. (Adoxaceae), Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae), Ulex sp. (Fabaceae) and Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae). Melanomma is known from Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana), Asia (China, Japan, Philippines, Russia), Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Ukraine), North America (Canada, The United States) and South America (Argentina).
References
Barr ME. 1990 – Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). North American Flora 13(II), 1–129.
Chesters CGC. 1938 – Studies on British pyrenomycetes II. A comparative study of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fuckel, Melanomma fuscidulum Sacc. and Thyridaria rubronotata (B.&Br.) Sacc. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 22, 116–150.
Fuckel L. 1870 –Symbolae Mycologicae. Jahrb Nassau Verh Naturk 23, 1–459.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, KoKo TW. 2011 – Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification – checklist and notes for 2010. Mycosphere 2, 1–88.
Kirk PM et al. 2015 – Index Fungorum: http://www.indexfungorum.org/ names/names.asp.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA.2001– Dictionary of the fungi, 9th edn. CABI, Wallingford.
Liew ECY, Aptroot A, Hyde KD 2000 – Phylogenetic significance of the pseudoparaphyses in Loculoascomycete taxonomy. Molecular Phylogeny & Evolution 16, 392–402.
Mugambi GK, Huhndorf SM. 2009 – Molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales: Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae recircumscribed (Plesporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Studies in Mycology 64, 103–121.
Saccardo PA. 1878 – Fungi Italici autographice delineati a Prof. P.A. Saccardo. Patavii 1878. Michelia 1, 326–350
Saccardo PA. 1883 – Sylloge Fungorum 2. Italy, Pavia, p 815.
Sivanesan A. 1984 – The bitunicate ascomycetes and their anamorphs. J. Cramer, Vaduz.
Sutton BC. 1980 – The coelomycetes: fungi Imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.
Tian Q, Liu JK, Hyde KD, Wanasinghe DN et al. 2015 – Phylogenetic relationships and morphological reappraisal of Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). Fungal Diversity 74, 267–324.
Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD. 2012 – Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53, 1–221.
Zhang Y, Fournier J, Pointing SB, Hyde KD. 2008 – Are Melanomma pulvis-pyrius and Trematosphaeria pertusa congeneric? Fungal Diversity 33, 47–60.
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