Stagonospora
Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 3: 445 (1884).
≡ Hendersonia Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 3: 418 (1884).
Index Fungorum number: IF 10056; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06502, 289 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 21 species with molecular data.
On sterile Carex leaves on WA. Sexual morph: Ascomata developing on SNA, solitary, globose, brown, erumpent, with central ostiole; wall of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses intermingled among asci, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, multi-septate, constricted at septa, branched, hyphal like, filling entire cavity. Asci stipitate, hyaline, smooth, clavate to fusoid-ellipsoidal, bitunicate, with prominent apiculus, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, smooth, 3- to multi-seriate in ascus, fusoid-ellipsoidal with median septum, prominently constricted at septum, tapering towards subobtuse apices, with 1–2 large guttules per cell, thin-walled, widest just above septum in upper cell (adapted from description of Stagonospora perfecta). Asexual morph: Conidiomata black, immersed, subepidermal, pycnidial, globose, exuding a short, hyaline cirrhus of conidia. Conidiomatal wall of 3–4 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, aggregated, lining the inner cavity, ampulliform to doliiform, tapering at apex with prominent periclinal thickening or 1–2 inconspicuous percurrent proliferations visible at apex. Conidia hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, granular, or each cell with a large central guttule, subcylindrical to fusoid, apex subobtusely to obtusely rounded, base truncate, (6–)7–8-septate (becoming constricted at septa when mature) (adapted from Quaedvlieg et al. 2013).
Type species: Stagonospora paludosa (Sacc. & Speg.) Sacc.
Notes: Stagonospora is characterised by black conidiomata, medium brown conidiomatal wall, phialidic conidiogenous cells, and subcylindrical to fusoid, hyaline conidia. Stagonospora was previously confused with Septoria. The sexual morph is known from S. perfecta and is characterized by globose, brown ascomata, multi-septate cellular pseudo paraphyses, clavate to fusoid-ellipsoidal asci and ascospores with median septum and 1–2 large guttules per cell. Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) recollected the type species of Stagonospora (S. paludosa) from a Carex and found that the species clustered separately from most other known “Stagonospora” spp. which were isolated mainly from Poaceae as well as with other Stagonospora species that were also collected from Carex. Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) concluded that Stagonospora sensu stricto was limited to Carex and the other stagonospora-like species on Poaceae belonged to different genera. Stagonospora is currently placed in Massarinaceae. More taxa are required to establish a stable phylogeny of Stagonospora. Molecular markers available for Stagonospora are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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