Pseudosplanchnonema
Pseudosplanchnonema Chethana & K.D. Hyde, in Chethana et al., Phytotaxa 231(2): 138 (2015).
Index Fungorum number: IF 551021; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00568, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic or parasitic on dead branches or wood. Sexual morph: Pseudostromata with immersed, perithecial ascomata solitary, scattered, gregarious, subglobose to globose, verruculose, dark brown to black, ostiolate. Ostiole short, papillate, opening to exterior through bark. Peridium comprising several-layers, outer layer composed of dark brown to reddish brown, heavily pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer comprising hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled cells. Hamathecium comprising filiform, broad, pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, with a short pedicel and an ocular chamber best seen in immature asci. Ascospores overlapping, uni to biseriate, fusiform to ellipsoidal, widest near the centre, with acute rounded ends, sometimes slightly curved, hyaline to pale brown when young, dark brown at maturity, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, sometimes with pseudosepta, smooth-walled, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous, phoma-like. Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary or aggregated, slightly erumpent, oval to globose, with a verruculose wall, initially brown and becoming black at maturity. Pycnidial wall comprising multi-layered, brown, outer cells of textura angularis and thin, hyaline, inner cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, formed from the inner layer of the pycnidial wall. Conidia subglobose to ellipsoidal, hyaline, aseptate, straight to curved, smooth and thin-walled, with rounded ends (adapted from Chethana et al. 2015).
Type species: Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides (I. Miyake) Chethana, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Pseudosplanchnonema is characterised by immersed, scattered, gregarious, subglobose to globose pseudostromata, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate asci, and uni- to biseriate, fusiform to ellipsoidal ascospores. The asexual morph is characterised by pycnidial, solitary or aggregated, slightly erumpent conidiomata, enteroblastic, phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled conidiogenous cells, and subglobose to ellipsoidal, hyaline, aseptate, straight to curved, smooth and thin-walled conidia with rounded ends. Pseudosplanchnonema morphologically resembles Splanchnonema in having large, depressed, subglobose ascomata and clavate, reddish brown, 2-septate ascospores (Zhang et al. 2012, Liu et al. 2015, Chethana et al. 2015). Chethana et al. (2015) proposed the new combination P. phorcioides for Splanchnonema phorcioides based on the immersed ostiolate ascomata, 8-spored, clavate asci and fusiform, dark brown ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous sheath and which is not congeneric with Splanchnonema. Pseudosplanchnonema is morphologically and phylogenetically a well-separated genus in Massarinaceae. Molecular markers available for Pseudosplanchnonema are ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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