Haplohelminthosporium
Haplohelminthosporium Konta & K.D. Hyde, in Konta et al., Life 11(no. 454): 12 (2021).
Index Fungorum number: IF 557873; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09169, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on living leaves and petioles of Calamus sp. On living leaves, small spots, circular to irregular, yellow in the beginning, later becoming red brown surrounded by yellow. Colonies on natural substrate forming black patches on the upper leaf, petiole surfaces. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on natural substrate forming black patches on the upper leaf, petiole surfaces. Mycelium mostly immersed, partly on the surface forming small stroma-like aggregations of red brown pseudoparenchymatous cells. Conidiophores arising singly or fasciculate from stroma cells, erect, simple, unbranched, straight, curved and swollen at apex, septate, thick-walled, cylindrical, smooth, bulbous at base, hyaline in the middle, brown to yellow-brown at 1–2-cells above the base, pale brown to yellow-brown at apical cell. Conidiogenous cells monotretic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical, wide and yellow-brown with a well-defined, small, noncicatrized pore at the apex. Conidia one for each conidiophore, obpyriform to lageniform, straight or curved, smooth, olive-brown, distoseptate, with a dark scar at the base (adapted from Konta et al. 2021).
Type species: Haplohelminthosporium calami Konta & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Haplohelminthosporium is characterised by fasciculate, erect, simple conidiophores, monotretic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical conidiogenous cells and obpyriform to lageniform conidia. Haplohelminthosporium morphologically resembles Helminthosporium and Helminthosporiella in being a hyphomycete with an erect conidiophore, monotretic conidiogenous cell and distoseptate conidia. Helminthosporium differs from Haplohelminthosporium in having pale to dark brown, septate conidiophores, with terminal and intercalary polytretic conidiogenous cells, non-cicatrized pores at the apex, and subhyaline to brown, solitary or short catenate conidia with dark brown to black scar at the base (Konta et al. 2021). Helminthosporiella differs from Haplohelminthosporium in having red-brown conidiophores with polytretic conidiogenous cells, catenate conidia that are medium brown, striated at surface and distoseptate (Crous et al. 2016, Konta et al. 2021). Haplohelminthosporium is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct and well-defined genus in Massarinaceae. Molecular markers available for Haplohelminthosporium include LSU, SSU and ITS.
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