Ligninsphaeriopsis
Ligninsphaeriopsis Phukhams., J.F. Zhang & K.D. Hyde, in Hongsanan et al., Mycosphere 11(1): 1865 (2020).
Index Fungorum number: IF 557245; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07528, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on submerged wood in stream habitat. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary, gregarious, scattered, immersed, only black, elongated, and shiny ostioles part are visible, subglobose or compressed globose to obpyriform, flattened base, coriaceous, carbonaceous at outer layer and apex, dark brown to black, rough-walled, papillate, ostiolate. Ostiole central, with a crestlike apex, elongated and laterally compressed, irregular-walled, black, papillate, opened pore, carbonaceous, ostiolate with periphyses. Peridium comprises multilayer, coriaceous to carbonaceous, composed of two strata, an outer stratum thick-walled and black cells arranged in a textura angularis, with carbonaceous, outer layer composed of 2 layers of dark brown to light brown cells of textura angularis and inner layer of dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, with 6–7 layers of lightly pigmented, grey brown, inner layer composed of a hyaline gelatinous layer. Hamathecium comprising dense, filiform branches, anastomosing above asci, transverse septate, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broad-clavate with tapering to pedicel, apically rounded, ocular chamber clearly visible when immature. Ascospores 2-seriate or overlapping, broad fusiform, narrow towards the apex, initially hyaline, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, 6–9-septate, constricted at the septa, with cell above central septum wider, rough-walled, indentations present, with verruculose surface, surrounded by sheath drawn out form polar appendages. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Hongsanan et al. 2020a).
Type species: Ligninsphaeriopsis thailandica Phukhams. & J.K. Feng
Notes: Ligninsphaeriopsis is characterised by solitary, gregarious, scattered ascomata, central, with a crest like apical ostiole, 8-spored, broad-clavate asci tapering to pedicel, and broad fusiform, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, 6–9-septate ascospores. Ligninsphaeriopsis differs from Ligninsphaeria in having larger asci and but smaller ascospores. Ligninsphaeriopsis is unique in having verrucose, 6–9-transversely septate ascospores, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Ligninsphaeriopsis is a distinct and well-defined genus in Ligninsphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Ligninsphaeriopsis are ITS, SSU, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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