Leptosphaeria doliolum
Leptosphaeria doliolum (Pers.) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1(fasc. 4): 234 (1863).
≡ Sphaeria doliolum Pers., Icon. Desc. Fung. Min. Cognit. (Leipzig) 2: 39 (1800).
Index Fungorum number: IF 161618; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00391, Fig. 1
Description: see Ariyawansa et al. (2015).
Material considered: see Ariyawansa et al. (2015).
Fig. 1 Leptosphaeria doliolum (MFLU 14–0565, modified from Fig. 90 in Liu et al. 2015). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section through ascomata. d Peridium. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 200 μm, b, c, e, f = 20 μm, d = 5 μm, g–j = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
Leptosphaeria is significant for medical and pharmaceutical industry as it produces wide range of secondary compounds (Pedra et al. 2008, 2009).
Quarantine significance
Leptosphaeria is in the list of Quarantine Pests for various countries such as India (Plant Quarantine Regulation of Import into India Order 2003) for protection of Brassica spp. such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi and mustard amongst others. Blackleg caused by L. maculans is a threat to Canada (Canola Council of Canada 2019) and to Sudan (Quarantine Pests decline entry into Sudan 2016).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Leptosphaeria produces wide range of chemicals such as sirodesmin PL, a non-host selective phytotoxin including deacetylsirodesmin, phomalirazine, sirodesmin H, sirodesmin J, sirodesmin K, Sirodesmin PL, Leptomaculins A, B, C, D, E including 3-oxosilphinene, deacetylleptomaculins C, D, and E, lairdinol A, phomalairdenols A, B, C, D, Phomalairdenones A, B, C, D, selin-11-en-4α−-ol, Sterol metabolites such as 24-methylene dihydrolanosterol, 4,4-dimethyl fecosterol, 4-methyl fecosterol, obtusifoliol, epiergosterol, episterol, ergosta5,7,9(11),22-tetraenol, ergosta-7,22-dienol, Ergosterol, fecosterol Phomapyrone metabolites such as infectopyrone, Phomapyrone A, B, C, D, E, F and G, phomenin B, Phomaligols and other polyketide metabolites phomaligadiones A and B, phomaligin A Phomaligol A, A1 wasabidienones B and E, Polyketide metabolites Hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfate and bulgarein, 2,4-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2-[2-(5- Hydroxybenzofuranyl)]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanenitrile, 2-hydroxyjuglone, 4-hydroxyscytalone, Flaviolin. Maculansins A and B including brassilexin, cyclobrassinin, Phytoalexins, rutalexin, spirobrassinin. Cerebroside metabolites cerebrosides C and D (Pedra et al. 2008, 2009).
There are 1105 Leptosphaeria epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been transferred to other genera such as Amarenomyces, Asterella, Didymolepta, Extrawettsteinina, Kalmusia, Lasiosphaeriopsis, Lautitia, Leptopeltis, Metasphaeria, Mycosphaerella, Nemania, Neocamarosporium, Neomassariosphaeria, Neoventuria, Nodulosphaeria, Ophiobolus, Paraconiothyrium, Paramassariosphaeria, Phaeosphaeria, Phaeospora, Phragmonaevia, Plenodomus, Psammina, Pyrenidium, Setoseptoria, Stagonospora and Stigmatula. Leptosphaeria comprises 605 species known on wide range of hosts such as Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae), Aconitum variegatum (Ranunculaceae), Agrimonia eupatoria (Rosaceae), Ambrosia trifida (Asteraceae), Anaphalis margaritacea (Asteraceae), Angelica sp. (Apiaceae), Aralia racemosa (Araliaceae), Arnica viscosa (Asteraceae), Asclepias incarnata (Apocynaceae) and many more. Leptosphaeria has wide distribution including Asia (Brunei Darussalam, Uzbekistan), Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, England, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Ukraine), North America (Canada) and The United States (Alaska, California, Illinois, New York, North Dakota).
References
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Blackleg Strategic Plan in Canada. 2019– https://www.canolacouncil.org/download/215/pages/5227/2019_blackleg_strategic_plan
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