Thyrostroma compactum
Thyrostroma compactum (Sacc.) Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. -naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 120: 472 (1911).
≡ Stegonsporium compactum Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 8): 542 (1882).
Index Fungorum number: IF 234074; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11551, Fig. 1
Description: see Senwanna et al. (2019).
Material considered: see Senwanna et al. (2019).
Fig. 1 Thyrostroma spp. (a–h T. alhagi, TASM 6137 holotype). a, b Appearance of sporodochia on host surface. c Section through sporodochia. d–h Conidia. (i–l T. ephedricola, TASM 6148, holotype) i Appearance of sporodochia on host surface. j Section through sporodochia. k, l Conidia. (m–v T. jaczewskii, MFLU 17-2549, holotype) m, n Appearance of sporodochia on host surface. o Section through sporodochia. p–v Conidia. Scale bars: a, m = 2000 μm, b, c, o = 500 μm, d = 40 μm, e–h = 20 μm, i = 200 μm, j = 50 μm, k, l, p–v = 10 μm, n = 1000 μm.
Importance and distribution
There are 32 Thyrostroma records in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Stegonsporium and Stigmina. Thyrostroma comprises 24 species known on a wide range of plant such as Acer negundo (Sapindaceae), Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae), Fendlera rupicola (Hydrangeaceae), Robinia neomexicana (Fabaceae), Symphoricarpos rotundifolius (Caprifoliaceae), Astragalus sp. (Fabaceae), Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae), Sambucus caerulea (Adoxaceae), Tilia cordata (Malvaceae), Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae), Amygdalus scoparia (Rosaceae), Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), Eucalyptus mannifera subsp. maculosa (Myrtaceae) and Franseria sp. (Asteraceae). Thyrostroma attacks the leaves of ornamental (flowering) cherries (Bergdahl et al. 2016) and T. carpophilum causes shot-hole disease of peach in Crimea (Tsiupka et al. 2021). Thyrostroma is known from Asia (Iran, Korea, Russia), Australia, North America (Mexico), South Africa and The United States (California, Colorado, Illinois, Nevada).
References
Bergdahl AD, Hill A. 2016 – Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. General Technical Reports, RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 229 p.
Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald L, Cai L, Chen Q et al. 2017 – Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Studies in Mycology 86, 99–216.
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, Johnston PR et al. 2008 – Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 21, 29–55.
Ramaley AW. 2005 – The connection of Dothidotthia aspera (Botryosphaeriaceae) to a hyphomycetous anamorphic fungus, Thyrostroma negundinis. Mycotaxon 94, 127–132.
Slippers B, Boissin E, Phillips AJ, Groenewald JZ et al. 2013 – Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriales: a systematic and evolutionary framework. Studies in Mycology 76, 31–49.
Tsiupka S, Balykina E, Ivanova O, Fedorova O, Korzh D. 2021 – The effectiveness of biological and chemical fungicides in peach orchards in Crimea. Acta Horticulturae 1308, 367–372.
Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM, Hawksworth DL et al. 2014 – Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes–2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names. Fungal Diversity 69, 1–55.
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