Dothidotthia
Dothidotthia Höhn., Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 36: 312 (1918).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1699; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06310, 14 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 4 species with molecular data.
Saprobic or pathogenic on leaves and wood in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascostromata solitary to clustered, gregarious, raised to erumpent, breaking through host surface, rounded, elongate, lenticular or irregular in shape, multi-loculate, glabrous, ostiolate. Ascomata coriaceous, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium composed of 3–6 layers of dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, thick-walled, the basal region extending into the host substrate. Hamathecium composed of dense, broad, septate, branched pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores ellipsoid, pale brown to medium brown, obtuse at ends or somewhat acute, transverselyuniseptate, constricted at the septum (adapted from Phillips et al. 2008). Asexual morph: Colonies partly immersed, stromatic, effuse, sporodochial, with basal pseudoparenchymatous stroma, erumpent, dark brown to black. Conidiophores macronematous, septate, branched, subhyaline, smooth, arising from basal colonies. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, integrated, terminal. Conidia acrogenous, fusiform to obclavate or obpyriform, pale brown to brown, rounded at apex, truncate at base, with a protruding hilum, septate, 0–3-transversely septate, constricted at the septa, rough-walled, echinulate (adapted from Senwanna et al. 2019).
Type species: Dothidotthia symphoricarpi (Ellis & Everh.) Höhn.
Notes: Dothidotthia is characterised by solitary to clustered, gregarious ascostromata, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate asci and ellipsoid, pale brown to medium brown ascospores. The asexual morph is characterised by partly immersed, stromatic, effuse, sporodochial colonies, macronematous, septate, branched, subhyaline conidiophores, enteroblastic, annellidic conidiogenous cells and acrogenous, fusiform to obclavate or obpyriform, pale brown to brown conidia. Arx and Müller (1954) treated Dothidotthia as a synonym of Gibbera and this was followed by several authors (Müller & Arx 1962, Shoemaker 1963, Eriksson & Hawksworth 1987). Arx and Muller (1954) and Müller and Arx (1962) reported that Dothidotthia is closely related to Dibotryon, a genus in the Venturiaceae. Barr (1989) provided the combination Dothidotthia aspera, but wrongly listed D. symphoricarpi as the synonym and included it in Botryosphaeriaceae based on the coelomycetous asexual morph, peridium structure, shape of asci and morphology of pseudoparaphyses. Ramaley (2005) provided an epitype of D. symphoricarpi (BPI 871823) and mentioned that Dothidotthia was the sexual morph of Thyrostroma based on cultural studies, but this has not been proven by molecular data. In the phylogenetic analysis of Senwanna et al. (2019) based on LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data, Dothidotthia forms a separate lineage distinct from Thyrostroma and the authors considered both genera to be different based on morphology and phylogeny. Senwanna et al. (2019) also synonymized Neodothidotthia under Dothidotthia based on phylogenetic evidence and described a new species Dothidotthia robiniae and made two new combinations, D. negundinicola and D. negundinis. Dothidotthia is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in Dothidotthiaceae. Molecular markers available for Dothidotthia are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB, Histone, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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