Pseudopithomyces
Pseudopithomyces Ariyaw. & K.D. Hyde, in Ariyawansa et al., Fungal Diversity: 10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5, [38] (2015).
Index Fungorum number: IF 551392; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00937, 12 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 12 species with molecular data.
Saprobic or parasitic on dead leaves, stems of plants and humans. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiophores micronematous or semi-macronematous, mononemous, flexuous, thin-walled, hyaline to subhyaline, aseptate, smooth, branch or unbranched, normally closely packed together. Conidiogenous cells arising perpendicularly from repent hyphae, monoblastic or blastic, closely aggregated, globose or subglobose, integrated, terminal, determinate, disintegrating at maturity to liberate conidia. Conidia acrogenous, dark fuligineous, septate to multi-septate, fusiform or subglobose, fusiform, verruculose to echinulate, walls ornamented, thin-walled, sometimes wide in the middle (adapted from Ariyawansa et al. 2015).
Type species: Pseudopithomyces chartarum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) J.F. Li, Ariyawansa & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Pseudopithomyces is characterised by micronematous or semi-macronematous conidiophores, globose or subglobose conidiogenous cells and acrogenous, dark fuliginous, septate to multi-septate, fusiform or subglobose conidia. Pseudopithomyces accommodates species that were previously in Pithomyces but groups in Didymosphaeriaceae, for example, P. maydicus, P. sacchari and some unidentified Pithomyces strains. Pseudopithomyces morphologically resembles Pithomyces but is phylogenetically distinct (da Cunha 2014, Pratibha & Prabhugaonkar 2015). Pseudopithomyces differs from Pithomyces in having echinulate or fusiform, verruculose dark conidia forming brown to black colonies on the host while Pithomyces is characterised by obovate to oblong, verruculose to spinulose, relatively lighter conidia forming whitish to yellowish colonies on the host (Ellis 1960, Pratibha & Prabhugaonkar 2015). Pratibha and Prabhugaonkar (2015) provided an epitype for Pithomyces and the strain P. flavus (MTCC 12224) formed a distinct lineage in Astrosphaeriellaceae. Leptosphaerulina chartarum was previously reported as the sexual morph of Pithomyces chartarum but da Cunha (2014) demonstrated that the ex-type strain of Leptosphaerulina chartarum (CBS 329.86 T) formed a distinct lineage in Didymellaceae and is not related to Pithomyces. Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced the new species P. palmicola, re-described P. maydicus and confirmed the placement of Pseudopithomyces in Didymosphaeriaceae. Crous et al. (2016) added a new species P. diversisporus to Pseudopithomyces based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, GAPDH and RPB2 sequences. Pseudopithomyces is a distinct and well-defined genus in Didymosphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Pseudopithomyces are ITS, LSU, SSU, BTUB, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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