Paraphaeosphaeria
Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss., Ark. Bot., Ser. 2 6: 405 (1967).
Index Fungorum number: IF 3711; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00057, 29 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 6 species with molecular data.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata small to medium-sized, immersed to semi-immersed, depressed, globose, ostiolate. Ostiole with a short beak, without periphyses. Peridium usually with 3-5 layers, composed cells of textura prismatica. Hamathecium composed of filamentous, hyaline, septate, broad, dense pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical with a short pedicel. Ascospores uniseritate or partially overlapping, multi septate, broadly elliptical, yellowish-brown, with small guttules, smooth, with a thin uniform sheath. Asexual morph: Coniothyrium-like, Conidiomata eustromatic or pycnidial. Conidiogenous cells discrete or integrated, phialidic, or annellidic with one or two percurrent proliferations. Conidia aseptate oruniseptate, smooth to verrucose (adapted from Verkley et al. 2014, Ariyawansa et al. 2014).
Type species: Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss.
Notes: Paraphaeosphaeria is characterised by small to medium-sized, immersed to semi-immersed, depressed, globose ascomata, fissitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly elliptical, yellowish-brown ascospores with a thin uniform sheath. The asexual morph is characterised by eustromatic or pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic, or annellidic conidiogenous cells and aseptate oruniseptate, smooth to verrucose conidia. Paraphaeosphaeria differs from Phaeosphaeria in having biseriate, straight, subcylindrical ascospores with two septa and broadly rounded ends while Phaeosphaeria has rather dark brown and punctate ascospores. Paraphaeosphaeria also differs from Phaeosphaeria in having Coniothyrium-like asexual morph while Phaeosphaeria has Hendersonia-Phaeoseptoria asexual morph (Eriksson 1967). Câmara et al. (2001) provided descriptions of the sexual and asexual morphs of two species, P. michotii and P. pilleata, and transferred several taxa to Neophaeosphaeria and Phaeosphaeriopsis. The authors restricted Paraphaeosphaeria s. str to species having two-septate ascospores and asexual morph that produce non-septate, smooth, pale brown conidia enteroblastically from phialides which have some periclinal thickening. Camara et al. (2001) and Checa et al. (2002) reported that Paraphaeosphaeria is polyphyletic. Paraphaeosphaeria differs from Neophaeosphaeria in that the latter has 3–4-septate ascospores and asexual morph characterised by ovoid to ellipsoid, non-septate, brown, verrucose or punctate conidia produced from percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Paraphaeosphaeria differs from Phaeosphaeriopsis in that the latter has 4–5-septate ascospores and known asexual morphs are characterised by cylindrical, 0–3-septate, brown, punctate conidia that form percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells or bacillar conidia from simple phialides. The amerosporic coniothyrium-like taxa associated with the sexual morphs are not known by any formal name (Verkley et al. 2014). Shoemaker and Babcock (1985) excluded P. longispora and P. oblongata from Paraphaeosphaeria based on the longitudinal septa and beak-like papilla and wall structures. Zhang et al. (2009) demonstrated that Paraphaeosphaeria belongs to Montagnulaceae based on phylogenetic analyses of five loci, SSU, LSU, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2. Ariyawansa et al. (2014) designated an epitype for P. michotii and confirmed the placement of Paraphaeosphaeria in Montagnulaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, SSU and β-tubulin gene sequences. Wanasinghe et al. (2018) added three taxa as new records in Paraphaeosphaeria namely P. michotii, P. rosae and P. rosicola based on morphology and combined analysis of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data. Paraphaeosphaeria is a well-supported lineage sister to Didymosphaeria in Didymosphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Paraphaeosphaeria are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB, RPB2 and TEF-1.
Recent News
Recent paper to be publishedRecent Genus
NothocladosporiumPhillipsiella
Ampelomyces
Recent Species
Nothocladosporium syzygiiPhillipsiella atra
Curreya conorum
