Neokalmusia
Neokalmusia Ariyaw. & K.D. Hyde, in Ariyawansa et al., Fungal Diversity 68: 92 (2014).
Index Fungorum number: IF 550700; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00050, 6 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 6 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on culms of bamboo in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed under black clypeus-like structure composed of host epidermis and fungal mycelia, subglobose to oblong on host surface, hemispherical, with several perithecia arranged in single or double rows along the long axis of the culms. Ostiole absent or short papillate, with numerous periphyses. Peridium at side composed of several layers of polygonal, thin-walled, brown cells; at the rim composed of vertically orientated, hyaline, cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of numerous, broadly cellular pseudoparaphyses, branching, anastomosing, with slime coating. Asci (4–) 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric clavate, with a long stipe, apically rounded with welldeveloped ocular chamber, arising from basal ascomata. Ascospores overlapping, uniseriate or biseriate, phragmospores, fusiform, slightly curved, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to reddish-brown at maturity, 3–5-septate, thick-walled, verrucose, with a sheath. Asexual morph: Unknown (Ariyawansa et al. 2014).
Type species: Neokalmusia brevispora (Nagas. & Y. Otani) Kaz. Tanaka, Ariyawansa & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Neokalmusia is characterised by subglobose to oblong ascomata, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate asci and phragmospores, fusiform, hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to reddish-brown ascospores with a sheath. Neokalmusia differs from Kalmusia in having subglobose to oblong ascomata comprising several perithecia in a row, clypeus-like structure composed of thin-walled cells and verrucose ascospores while Kalmusia has solitary sphaeroid ascomata, a peridium of small pseudoparenchymatous cells, clavate basal asci with very long pedicels, very thin pseudoparaphyses and distoseptate, smooth-walled ascospores (Zhang et al. 2012, Ariyawansa et al. 2014). Neokalmusia is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct and well-defined genus in Didymosphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Neokalmusia are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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