Pleosporales » Didymosphaeriaceae » Didymosphaeria

Didymosphaeria epidermidis

Didymosphaeria epidermidis (Fr.) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23-24: 140 (1870) [1869-70].

≡ Sphaeria futilis Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 2 9: 326 (1852).

           Index Fungorum number: IF 228936; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11539, Fig. 1

Description: see Hyde et al. (2013).

Material considered: see Hyde et al. (2013).

Fig. 577 Didymosphaeria spp. (a–m D. decolorans, S-F 12021! holotype). a Herbarium label. b, c Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. d Section through ascomata. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–m Ascospores. (n–t D. futilis, K 147683! holotype of Sphaeria epidermidis) n Section through ascoma. o Pseudoparaphyses. p, q Asci. r–t Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 500 μm, c = 200 μm, d = 50 μm, e, n, o = 10 μm, f, j–m, r–t = 5 μm, g–i, p, q = 20 μm.

Importance and distribution

There are 363 Didymosphaeria records in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been synonymized and transferred to other genera such as Aaosphaeria, Amphisphaeria, Anisomeridium, Apiosporella, Arecophila, Arnaudiella, Astrosphaeriella, Cainia, Deshpandiella, Didymella, Didymocyrtis, Didymolepta, Didymosphaeria, Discostroma, Dothidotthia, Endococcus, Immotthia, Isothea, Keissleriella, Lautitia, Leptorhaphis, Leptosphaeria, Lineostroma, Lophiotrema, Massarina, Monascostroma, Montagnula, Peridiothelia, Phaeosporella, Phylleutypa, Polycoccum, Pseudodidymosphaeria, Pseudomassaria, Roselliniopsis, Roussoella, Roussoellopsis, Seimatosporium, Sphaerellothecium, Stagonosporopsis, Stigmidium, Trematosphaeria, Venturia, Verruculina and Xenodidymella. Didymosphaeria comprises 195 species known on numerous host plants such as Acacia sp. (Fabaceae), Acer campestre (Sapindaceae), Ailanthus excelsa (Simaroubaceae), Lonicera sp. (Caprifoliaceae), Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Caprifoliaceae), Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae), Althaea rosea (Malvaceae), Andropogon muricatus (Poaceae), Vetiveria zizanioides (Poaceae), Eryngium pandanifolium (Apiaceae), Anona squamosa (Annonaceae), Arachis hypogaea (Annonaceae) and Araucaria brasiliensis (Araucariaceae). Didymosphaeria has wide distribution including Africa (Mauritius, South Africa), Asia (China, India, Philippines, Uzbekistan), Australia, Europe (Denmark, Portugal, Ukraine), South America (Argentina), Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and The United States (South Dakota).

 

Industrial relevance and applications

Didymosphaeria is useful to medical and pharmaceutical industry as it produces compounds such as 7β-hydroxy derivatives which have neuroprotective effects.

 

Quarantine importance

Didymosphaeria is of quarantine importance as it causes disease on wide range of host such as leaf spot diseases of Cluster Yam (Emua et al. 1982).

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Didymosphaeria produces a wide range of chemicals. For example, D. igniaria is useful for the enantioselective reduction of aryl-aliphatic ketones (Świzdor et al. 2010). D. igniaria also acts as a biocatalyst in the biotransformations of (R)-(−)-methyloctalone and (S)-(+)-methyloctalone to 6β- and 7β-hydroxy derivatives (Janeczko et al. 2009). D. igniaria is an effective biocatalyst for the reduction of carbonyl group in the epoxylactone (3) (Gliszczyńska et al. 2016). Didymosphaeria sp. can also biotransform cis-jasmone to 4-hydroxyjasmone which was formed in regio- and stereoselective process of hydroxylation (Gliszczynska and Górecka 2011).

 

References

Aptroot A. 1995 – Redisposition of some species excluded from Didymosphaeria (Ascomycotina). Nova Hedwig 60, 325–379.

Ariyawansa HA, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Phookamsak R et al. 2014 – A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Didymosphaeriaceae (=Montagnulaceae). Fungal Diversity 68, 69–104.

Barr ME. 1989a – Some unitunicate taxa excluded from Didymosphaeria. Studies in Mycology 31, 23–27.

Barr ME. 1989b – The genus Dothidotthia (Botryosphaeriaceae) in North America. Mycotaxon 34, 517–526.

Emua SA, Fajola AO. 1983 – Chemical control of two leaf spot diseases of cluster yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) caused by Cercospora contraria and Didymosphaeria donacina. Plant Disease 67, 389–391.

Gliszczynska A, Górecka M. 2011 – Biotransformation of cis-jasmone by fungal strains. Planta Medica 77.

Gliszczyńska A, Niezgoda N, Gładkowski W, Czarnecka M, Świtalska M, Wietrzyk J. 2016 – Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phosphatidylcholine Analogues Containing Monoterpene Acids as Potent Antiproliferative Agents. PLoS One 11, e0157278.

Hawksworth DL, Boise JR. 1985 – Some addditional species of Astrosphaeriella, with a key to the members of the genus. Sydowia 38, 114–124.

Hawksworth DL, David JC. 1989 – Proposals for nomina conservanda and rejicienda for ascomycete names (lichenized and non-lichenized). Taxon 38, 493–499.

Hawksworth DL, Diederich P. 1988 – A synopsis of the genus Polycoccum (Dothideales), with a key to accepted species. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 90, 293–312.

Hawksworth DL. 1985a – A redisposition of the species referred to the ascomycete genus Microthelia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany 14, 43–181.

Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN et al. 2020a – Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11,1553–2107.

Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.

Janeczko T, Dmochowska‐Gladysz J, Białońska A, Ciunik Z. 2006 – Microbial hydroxylation of chiral bicyclic enones by Chaetomium sp.1 and Didymosphaeria igniaria cultures. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation 24, 458–463.

Kirk P, Cannon P, Minter D, Stalpers JA. 2008 – Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford.

Saccardo PA. 1882 – Sylloge fungorum 1, Padova, p 766.

Scheinpflug H. 1958 – Untersuchungen über die Gattung Didymosphaeria Fuck. und einige verwandte Gattungen. Bericht der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 68, 325–385.

Sivanesan A. 1984 – The bitunicate ascomycetes and their anamorphs. J. Cramer, Vaduz, p 701.

Świzdor A, Janeczko T, Dmochowska-Gładysz J. 2010 – Didymosphaeria igniaria: a new microorganism useful for the enantioselective reduction of aryl-aliphatic ketones.  Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 37, 1121–30.

Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD. 2012 – Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53, 221.

 

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