Neoscirrhia
Neoscirrhia Crous & R.K. Schumach., in Crous et al., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 299 (2021).
Index Fungorum number: IF 839292; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11517, 2 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 2 species with molecular data.
Pathogenic on host. Sexual morph: Ascomata pseudothecial, gregarious, stromatic, immersed, becoming erumpent, opening by longitudinal split of epidermis, arranged parallel to the culm axis, black, thick- and smooth walled, multi-locular, loculi in one row and one level, globose, black, soft, ostiole central, indistinct. Peridium multi-layered, of textura angularis-prismatica, inner layers hyaline, outer layers dark brown. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, partly evanescent, multi-celled, moniliform to cylindrical, branched, anastomosing. Asci 8-spored, subclavate to cylindrical, apically rounded with ocular chamber, pedicel short, broad and furcate, bitunicate, fissitunicate. Ascospores straight to slightly curved, cells cylindrical, ends rounded, upper cell enlarged towards median septum, at times with lateral swelling just above the septum hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, constricted at septum, cytoplasm aggregated in middle region, causing ends to appear very thick-walled, apex more prominently so than basal end. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, brown, with central ostiole; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, doliiform to ampulliform, phialidic. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, prominently guttulate, medianly uniseptate, subcylindrical to obovoid, ends obtuse (adapted from Crous et al. 2021).
Type species: Neoscirrhia osmundae (Peck & Clinton) Crous & R.K. Schumach.
Notes: Neoscirrhia is characterised by pseudothecial, gregarious ascomata, subclavate to cylindrical asci and straight to slightly curved, cylindrical ascospores. The asexual morph is characterised by pycnidial, globose, brown conidiomata, hyaline, smooth, doliiform to ampulliform, phialidic conidiophores and solitary, hyaline, smooth, medianlyuniseptate conidia. Neoscirrhia morphologically resembles Scirrhia but is phylogenetically distinct since the latter belongs to Mycosphaerellaceae. Neoscirrhia differs from Scirrhia in having different ascospore morphology. In the phylogenetic analysis of Crous et al. (2021), Neoscirrhia clusters in a well-defined lineage in Didymellaceae with strong statistical support. Molecular markers available for Neoscirrhia include LSU, ITS, RPB2 and BTUB.
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