Heterophoma sylvatica
Heterophoma sylvatica (Sacc.) Qian Chen & L. Cai, in Chen et al., Stud. Mycol. 82: 165 (2015).
≡ Phoma sylvatica Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 7): 337 (1881).
Index Fungorum number: IF 814077; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11509, Fig. 1
Description:
Saprobic or pathogenic on host. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 150–180 μm diam., 100–105 μm high, pycnidial, scattered or in groups. globose to subglobose, superficial or immersed in the host, dark brown to black. Pycnidial wall 35–50 μm pseudoparenchymatous, comprising cells of textura angularis, 5–multi-layered, dark-brown. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform. Conidia 3.9−9 × 1.5−2.7 µm (x̄ = 4.2 × 1.7 µm, n = 10), variable in shape and size, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, aseptate, ellipsoidal, oblong, cylindrical, somehow guttulate.
Material examined: Belgium, on unidentified stem, Rabenhorst G (BR5020156039636).
Fig. 1 Heterophoma sylvatica (BR5020156039636). a–d Herbarium material and appearance of conidiomata on the host surface. e Section through conidioma. f Peridium. g Conidiogenesis. h–j Conidia. Scale bars: d = 200 μm, e = 50 μm, f, g = 30 μm, h = 20 μm, i, j = 5 μm.
Importance and distribution
Heterophoma comprises six species known on Adonis vernalis (Ranunculaceae), Antirrhinum majus (Plantaginaceae), Melampyrum pratense (Orobanchaceae), Dictamnus albus (Rutaceae), Verbascum densiflorum (Scrophulariaceae) and Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae). Heterophoma novae-verbascicola cause berry disease (Warmund et al. 2019, Rantsiou et al. 2020). Heterophoma is distributed in Asia (China) and Europe (Netherlands and Sweden).
References
Chen Q, Jiang JR, Zhang GZ, Cai L, Crous PW. 2015 – Resolving the Phoma enigma. Studies in Mycology 82, 137–217.
Rantsiou K, Giacosa S, Pugliese M, Englezos V et al. 2020 – Impact of Chemical and Alternative Fungicides Applied to Grapevine cv Nebbiolo on Microbial Ecology and Chemical-Physical Grape Characteristics at Harvest. Frontiers in Plant Science 29,700.
Warmund MR, Mihail JD. 2019 – Etiology of Elderberry Cane Dieback Disease and Its Influence on Plant Growth and Flowering. HortScience horts 54, 1802–1807.
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