Pleosporales » Dictyosporiaceae » Dendryphiella

Dendryphiella interseminata

Dendryphiella interseminata (Berk. & Ravenel) Bubák, Annls mycol. 12(4): 417 (1914).

≡ Helminthosporium interseminatum Berk. & Ravenel [as 'Helmisporium'], in Berkeley, Grevillea 3(no. 27): 103 (1875).

            Index Fungorum number: IF 186732; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11493, Fig. 1

Description:

Saprobic on decaying wood. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substrate superficial, effuse, brown to dark-brown. Mycelium 10−12 μm wide, superficial, comprising septate, branched, brown, guttulate hyphae. Conidiophores 150−165 μm long, macronematous, mononematous, fasciculate, dark brown at base, slightly paler towards the apex, thick-walled, erect, straight or somewhat flexuous, verruculose, septate, unbranched or rarely branched. Conidiogenous cells 7−10 μm long, polytretic, terminal, becoming subterminal, proliferating asymmetrically, integrated, brown, verrucose, enlarged at vertex. Conidia 19−25 × 4−6 μm (x̄ = 21.0 × 5.5 μm, n = 10), solitary to catenate, in acropetal chain, fusiform to ellipsoidal, rounded at apex, truncate at base, reddish to pale brown, aseptate when young, 3-septate when mature, slightly constricted at septa, thick-walled, verrucose.

Material examined: Lithuania, Baltic States, on Phytolacca decandra and on Cicuta maculata (Apiaceae), H. Sydow, 6 July 1914 (BISH 611745).

Fig. 1 Dendryphiella interseminata (BISH 611745). a, b Herbarium material. c Squash mount of colonies. d–f Conidiophores with conidia. g–l Conidia. Scale bars: c = 10 μm, d = 50 μm, e, g–l = 10 μm, f = 20 μm.

Importance and distribution

There are 18 Dendryphiella epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Dendryphion and Paradendryphiella. Dendryphiella comprises 18 species known on a wide range of plants including Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae), Cassia tora (Fabaceae), Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae), Desmodium strictum (Fabaceae), Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae), Lablab purpureus (Fabaceae), Leucadendron sp. (Proteaceae), Merremia umbellata (Convolvulaceae), Secale cereale (Poaceae), Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and Vitis coignetiae (Vitaceae). Dendryphiella is known from Asia (China (Taiwan), India, Japan), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Poland), North America (West Indies), South Africa (Western Cape) and The United States (Rhode Island, Texas).

 

Industrial relevance and applications

Dendryphiella is of industrial use as it produces various enzymes such as poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase which catalyzes the degradation of alginate into several monosaccharide and polysaccharides (Shimokawa et al. 1997).

 

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Dendryphiella vinosa can trigger allergic reactions and is used in allergenic testing (Drugbank online 2020). Dendryphiella can produce a wide range of chemicals such as proteases, Dendryol A, B, C and D (Tanaka et al. 1995), fucoidanase (Wu et al. 2011), Extracellular Poly(β-D-1,4-mannuronide) Lyase (Shimokawa et al. 2014), Cell-associated and extracellular cellulolytic enzyme (MacDonald and Speedie 1982), Dendryol D which is an anthraquinone fungal metabolite and is phytotoxic to barnyardgrass (Tanaka et al. 1995).

 

References

DrungBank online. 2020 – Dendryphiella vinosa: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action. Available at: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB11025

Ellis MB. 1971 – Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.

Ellis MB. 1976 – More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.

Hughes SJ. 1953 – Conidiophores, conidia, and classification. Canadian Journal of Botany 31, 577659.

Liu NG, Hongsanan S, Yang J, Lin CG et al. 2017 – Dendryphiella fasciculata sp. nov. and notes on other Dendryphiella species. Mycosphere 8, 1575–1586.

MacDonald MJ, Speedie MK. 1982 – Cell-associated and extracellular cellulolytic enzyme activity in the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria. Canadian Journal of Botany 60, 838–844.

Nicot J. 1958 – Une moisissure arenicole du littoral atlantique: Dendryphiella arenaria sp. nov. Revue de Mycologie 23, 87–99.

Reisinger O. 1968 – Remarques sur les genres Dendryphiella et Dendryphion. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 84, 27–51.

Shimokawa T, Yoshida S, Takeuchi T, Murata K, Kobayashi H, Kusakabe I. 1997 –Purification and characterization of extracellular poly(beta-D-1,4-mannuronide) lyase from Dendryphiella salina IFO 32139.  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61, 636–40.

Shimokawa T, Yoshida S, Takeuchi T, Murata K, Kobayashi H, Kusakabe I. 1997 –Purification and characterization of extracellular poly(beta-D-1,4-mannuronide) lyase from Dendryphiella salina IFO 32139. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61, 4, 636–640.

Tanaka M, Ohra J, Tsujtno Y, Fujimori T, Ago H, Tsuge H. 1995 – Dendryol A, B, C, and D, Four New Compounds Produced by a Weed Pathogenic Fungus Dendryphiella sp. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 50, 751–756.

Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, Crous PW. 2013 – Alternaria redefined. Studies in Mycology 75, 171–212.

Wu Q, Zhang M, Wu K, Liu B, Cai J, Pan R. 2011 – Purification and characteristics of fucoidanase obtained from dendryphiella arenaria TM94. Journal of Applied Phycology 23, 197–203.

 

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