Pleosporales » Delitschiaceae » Delitschia

Delitschia didyma

Delitschia didyma Auersw., Hedwigia 5: 49 (1866).

           Index Fungorum number: IF 177056; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08204, Fig. 1

Description: see Hyde et al. (2013).

Material considered: see Hyde et al. (2013).

Fig. 1 Delitschia didyma (MFLU 12–2217). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci with ascospores. h, i Ascospores Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 μm, c = 100 μm, d–g = 50 μm, h, i = 20 μm.

Importance and distribution

There are 79 Delitschia epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to other genera such as Arnium, Cainia, Cercophora, Herpotrichia, Trichodelitschia and Zygospermella. Delitschia comprises 68 species known on several host plants such as Eucalyptus viminalis (Myrtaceae), dung of Alces alces (Cervidae), seawater on Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae), dung of Capra aegagrus hircus (Bovidae), dung of Equus asinus (Equidae), dung of Ovis aries (Bovidae), Salix sp. (Salicaceae), amongst others. Delitschia is known from Europe (Belgium, United Kingdom, Netherlands), North America (Canada, Mexico), South America (Argentina) and The United States (North Dakota).

 

Industrial relevance and applications

Delitschia is useful for industry as it produces several compounds such as Benzophenone which is used as a fragrance enhancer and perfume fixative in cosmetics industry (Jayanetti et al. 2017).

 

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Delitschia produces a wide range of chemicals. Rivera-Chávez et al. (2019) reported Delitpyrones an α-Pyrone Derivatives from a Freshwater Delitschia sp. Jayanetti et al. (2017) reported Benzophenone and Fimetarone derivatives from Delitschia. Delitschia can produce new metabolites such as 6-ethyl-7-hydroxyl-2-methoxyjuglone, sporidesmin A, Delicoferone A, (3S*,4S*,5S*,6R*)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isochromen-8 (5H)-one, (3R*,4S*)-7-ethyl-3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1 (2H)-one, 6-ethyl-2,7-dimethoxyjuglone and 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-dimethoxyjuglone (Sun et al. 2011), Delitschiapyrone A (Kurasawa et al. 2018), Azaphilones (Pavesia et al. 2021) amongst others. Singh and Tomassini (2001) isolated Flutimide, a fully substituted 1-hydroxy-3H-pyrazine-2,6-dione, is a fungal metabolite isolated from Delitschia cofertaspora. Cao and Clardy (2012) reported two naphthoquinones, delitzchianones A and B from Delitzchia winteri, an endophytic fungus from Central America (Costa Rica).

 

References

Cao S, Clardy J. 2011 – New naphthoquinones and a new δ-lactone produced by endophytic fungi from Costa Rica. Tetrahedron Lett 52, 2206–2208.

Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.

Hyde KD, Steinke TS. 1996 –Two new species of Delitschia from submerged wood. Mycoscience 37, 99–102.

Jayanetti DR, Li Y, Bartholomeusz GA, Bills GF, Gloer JB. 2017 – Benzophenone and Fimetarone Derivatives from the Coprophilous Fungus Delitschia confertaspora. Journal of Natural Products 80, 707–712.

Kurasawa K, Kwon E, Kuwahara S, Enomoto M. 2018 – Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Delitschiapyrone A. Organic Letters 20, 4645–4648.

Luck-Allen ER, Cain RF. 1975 – Additions to the genus Delitschia. Canadian Journal of Botany 53, 1827–1887

Pavesi C, Flon V, Mann S, Leleu S, Prado S, Franck X. 2021 – Biosynthesis of azaphilones: a review. Natural Product Reports, 38, 1058–1071.

Rivera-Chávez F, Zhang LF, Faber F, Lopez CA et al. 2016 – Depletion of Butyrate-Producing Clostridia from the Gut Microbiota Drives an Aerobic Luminal Expansion of Salmonella. Cell Host Microbe 19, 443–54.

Romero AI, Samuels GJ. 1991 – Studies on xylophilous fungi from Argentina. VI. Ascomycotina on Eucalyptus viminalis (Myrtaceae). Sydowia 43, 228–248.

Singh SB, Tomassini JE. 2001 – Synthesis of natural flutimide and analogous fully substituted pyrazine-2,6-diones, endonuclease inhibitors of influenza virus. The Journal of organic chemistry 66, 5504–5516.

Sun R, Gao YX, Shen KZ, Xu YB, Wang CR, Liu HY, Dong JY. 2011 – Antimicrobial metabolites from the aquatic fungus Delitschia corticola. Phytochemistry Letters 4, 101–105.

 

Recent News

Recent paper to be published

Recent Genus

Nothocladosporium
Phillipsiella
Curreya

Recent Species

Nothocladosporium syzygii
Phillipsiella atra
Curreya conorum