Syncarpella
Syncarpella Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 13(5/6): 631 (1915).
Index Fungorum number: IF 5331; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08190, 7 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Saprobic on woody stems. Sexual morph: Ascomata erumpent, gregarious or scattered, subglobose, with a papillate ostiole, black, seated on a hypostroma. Peridium comprising two layers, outer layer pigmented, thick-walled, inner layer comprising 3-6 layers of thin-walled, flattened, pale brown cells forming textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising hyaline, filiform, branched pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinuous matrix. Asci subcylindrical, 8-spored, bitunicate, short pedicellate. Ascospores biseriate, cylindric-fusiform with 3-transverse septate, slightly constricted at the septa, yellow to brown. Asexual morph: Syntholus-like (adapted from Doilom et al. 2013).
Type species: Syncarpella tumefaciens (Ellis & Harkn.) Theiss. & Syd.
Notes: Syncarpella is characterised by erumpent, gregarious or scattered ascomata, subcylindrical, 8-spored asci and cylindric-fusiform ascospores with 3-transverse septa. Theissen and Sydow (1915) placed Syncarpella in Montagnellaceae. Clements and Shear (1931) mentioned that Syncarpella is closely related to Leptosphaeria. Barr and Boise (1989) transferred Syncarpella to Cucurbitariaceae based on morphology namely numerous globose, ovoid to turbinate ascomata with minute papillae seated on a common base. Ramaley and Barr (1997) described Syntholus ribis as the asexual morph of Syncarpella ribis. Doilom et al. (2013) re-examined the holotype of S. tumefaciens (NY 1677) and expressed uncertainty that S. ribis was closely related to S. tumefaciens. Wijayawardene et al. (2014) suggested to use both generic names Syncarpella and Syntholus as the relationship between the two genera has not been confirmed, Syncarpella is currently a distinct genus in Cucurbitariaceae but molecular data is lacking for the genus. Fresh collections are needed to confirm the taxonomic placement of the genus.
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