Corynespora
Corynespora Güssow, Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 16: 10 (1906).
Index Fungorum number: IF 7795; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06663, 175 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 10 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Unknown. Colony on natural substrate effuse, dark brown or black, velvety or spongy, forming small to widely effused patches up to more than 10 cm long. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, subhyaline to brown, smooth-walled, 2–7 μm wide hyphae. Asexual morph: Stromata partly superficial, partly immersed, brown, irregular in shape and often extending over large areas, pseudoparenchymatous. Conidiophores arising singly or more often in dense tufts from superficial hyphae or from cells of the stromata, erect or ascending, simple, straight or flexuous, pale brown to dark brown, septate, with up to four successive cylindrical proliferations. Conidia blackish-brown scar at the base, formed singly or in a short chain through a wide pore at the apex of the conidiophore, often with proliferation through the apical pore and formation of another conidium at the apex of the proliferation, almost cylindrical but usually slightly and gradually tapering towards the rounded apex and more abruptly towards the truncate base, straight or slightly curved, smooth, subhyaline to golden brown, 7–45-distoseptate, with angular lumina (adapted from Voglmayr and Jaklitsch 2017).
Type species: Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei
Notes: Corynespora is characterised by superficial, partly immersed, brown stromata, conidiophores arising singly or more often in dense tufts and almost cylindrical asci with subhyaline to golden brown, 7–45-distoseptate ascospores with angular lumina. Sivanesan (1996) associated Corynesporasca with an unnamed Corynespora asexual morph based on cultural studies. Hyde et al. (2013) did not agree with Sivanesan (1996) and did not synonymize Corynesporasca under Corynespora as the latter was polyphyletic. The type species of Corynespora and Corynesporasca (Corynespora cassiicola and Corynesporasca caryotae) are not related (Hyde et al. 2013). Seifert et al. (2011) mentioned that Corynespora-like asexual morphs have been reported in several genera. Several authors treated Corynesporasca as a synonym of Corynespora (Rossman et al. 2015; Wijayawardene et al. 2017, 2018). Hongsanan et al. (2020a) followed Hyde et al. (2013) and considered Corynespora as a distinct genus from Corynesporasca. Voglmayr and Jaklitsch (2017) investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Corynespora, Exosporium and Helminthosporium species and transferred several Corynespora taxa such as C. caespitosa, C. endiandrae, C. leucadendri and C. olivacea to Helminthosporium. Voglmayr and Jaklitsch (2017) accommodated Corynespora in Corynesporascaceae but did not mention the relationship between Corynespora and Corynesporasca. Corynespora is a distinct genus in Corynesporascaceae but several taxa lack sequence data. Fresh collections and DNA sequence data from more species are needed to confirm the taxonomic status of Corynespora. Molecular markers available for Corynespora are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB, Calmodulin, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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