Pleosporales » Astrosphaeriellaceae » Caryospora

Caryospora putaminum

Caryospora putaminum (Schwein.) Fuckel, Fungi rhenani exsic., Cent.: no. 998 (1865).

≡ Sphaeria putaminum Schwein., Schr. naturf. Ges. Leipzig 1: 43 [17 of repr.] (1822).

Index Fungorum number: IF 224223; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00958, Fig. 1

Description: see Ariyawansa et al. (2015).

Material examined: see Ariyawansa et al. (2015).

Fig. 1 Caryospora spp. (a–i C. aquatica MFLU 11-1083, holotype). a Ascomata on host surface, b Section through ascomata. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Asci with ascospores. g–i Ascospores (g: stained in Indian ink to show the sheath). (j–t C. minima, IFRD 083-010). j Ascomata on host surface. k Section through ascoma. l Peridium. m Pseudoparaphyses. n, o Asci. p, q Ascospores. (r–t C. submersa, MFLU 18-1539, holotype). r Ascomata on host surface. s, t Asci. u, v Ascospores. Scale bars: b, k, r = 100 μm, c, d, g–i, l, n, o, s–u = 20 μm, e, f = 40 μm, m, p, q = 10 μm, v = 50 μm.

Importance and distribution

There are 17 Caryospora epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Asteromassaria, Requienella and Trematosphaeria. Caryospora comprises ten species known on Arundinaria sp. (Poaceae), Carya illinoensis (Juglandaceae), Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), Coffea sp. (Rubiaceae), Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae), Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae), Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae), Grewia asiatica (Malvaceae), Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), Licuala longicalycata (Arecaceae), Phyllostachys bambusoides (Poaceae), Prunus persica (Rosaceae) and Quercus dilatata (Fagaceae). Caryospora has wide geographical distribution such as Asia (India, Japan, Thailand), Europe (Germany, United Kingdom) and South America (Venezuela).

Industrial relevance and applications

Caryospora is useful to the agricultural industry as it helps to reduce economic loss since it produces chemical with high nematicidal activities towards the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Parasitaphelenchidae) (Dong et al. 2004, 2007).

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Caryospora produces chemical such as Nematicidal resorcylides (Dong et al. 2007) and acts as a biocatalyst in the Hydroxylation of nigranoic acid to 6β-hydroxynigranoic acid (Dong et al. 2006).

References

Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jayasiri SC, Buyck B et al. 2015 – Fungal diversity notes 111–252– taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 75, 27–274.

Dong J, Zhu Y, Song H, Li R et al. 2007 – Nematicidal Resorcylides from the Aquatic Fungus Caryospora callicarpa YMF1.01026. Journal of Chemical Ecology 33, 1115–1126.

Dong JY, Chen YG, Song HC, Zhu YH et al. 2007 – Hydroxylation of the triterpenoid nigranoic acid by the fungus Gliocladium roseum YMF1.00133. Chemistry & Biodiversity 4, 112– 7.

Dong JY, Zhao ZX, Cai L, Liu SQ, Zhang HR, Duan M, Zhang KQ. 2004 – Nematicidal effect of freshwater fungal cultures against the pine-wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Fungal Diversity 15, 123–133.

Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.

Jeffers WF. 1940 –Studies on Caryospora putaminum. Mycologia 32, 550–566.