Caryospora
Caryospora De Not., Micr. Ital. Nov. 9: 7 (1855).
Index Fungorum number: IF 831; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08169, 10 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 3 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on submerged wood in freshwater or mangrove habitats or on decaying terrestrial seeds. Sexual morph: Ascomata pseudothecial, erumpent, superficial, hemispherical, large, dark brown to black, carbonaceous, ostiolate, solitary or clustered. Ostiole central, circular, brown to black. Peridium thick, carbonized, dark brown, composed of rectangular, often occluded cells. Hamathecium comprising numerous, narrow (less than 1 μm wide), hyaline, trabeculate, anastomosing pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, broadly cylindrical to clavate, pedicellate, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 1–3- seriate, relatively large, hyaline when young, hyaline or brown when mature, 1−(−3)-septate, constricted at the central septa, broad-fusiform, ovoid or ellipsoidal, ends often papillate, often with polar germ pores at each end, with relatively thick walls, smooth-walled, with or without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Ariyawansa et al. 2015).
Type species: Caryospora putaminum (Schwein.) Fuckel
Notes: Jeffers (1940) placed Caryospora in Phaeophragmiae based on its terminal septa while Hyde et al. (2013) treated Caryospora in Zopfiaceae. Ariyawansa et al. (2015) transferred Caryospora to its own family Caryosporaceae based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Three species, C. minima, C. callicarpa, and C. obclavata are known from freshwater. Caryospora is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in its own family Caryosporaceae. ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1 sequence data is available for Caryospora in GenBank.
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