Placosoma
Placosoma Syd., Annls mycol. 22(3/6): 302 (1924).
Index Fungorum number: IF 4139; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08118, 2 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Epiphytes on the upper surface, forming subcuticular, circular, blackened areas, lacking appressoria. Sexual morph: Stromata superficial, scattered, solitary, circular to elliptical, carbonaceous, flattened. Locules arranged in a circle within the stromata, conical, opening by linear or stellate fissures. Hamathecium with numerous filiform pseudoparaphyses, with vertically arranged asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, subglobose to oblong, apedicellate, apically rounded and thickened with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping 2–4-seriate, broadly ellipsoidal, one septate, hyaline becoming brown with age. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous, conidiophores on superficial hyphae. Conidia blastic, solitary, brown to dark brown, narrowly obclavate, 2–3-septate, slightly constricted, narrowed towards the darker basal scar (adapted from Sivanesan 1984 & Hongsanan et al. 2014).
Type species: Placosoma nothopanacis Syd.
Notes: Placosoma is characterised by superficial, scattered, solitary, circular to elliptical stromata, subglobose to oblong asci and broadly ellipsoidal, one-septate, hyaline ascospores becoming brown on maturity. Placosoma resembles genera in Parmulariaceae in having hyphae forming blackened circular areas with linear fissures. Sivanesan (1984) established the asexual link based on the repeated occurrence on the stromata. Placosoma is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct genus in Parmulariaceae but molecular data is needed to confirm this taxonomic placement.
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