Elsinoe
Elsinoe Racib. [as 'Elsinoë'], Parasit. Alg. Pilze Java's (Jakarta) 1: 14 (1900).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1764; Facesoffungi number: FoF 05846, 194 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), >75 species with molecular data.
Parasitic on plant leaves and fruits causing scab and sunken scab-like blemishes. Sexual morph: Pseudoascostromata usually spread around host veins, solitary, aggregated, or gregarious, wart-like or scab-like blemishes, pulvinate, superficial, globose to subglobose, white, pale yellow to brown, multi-loculate, locules scattered in upper part of pseudoascostromata. Cells of pseudoascostromata comprising host cells and interdispersed light coloured fungal hyphae opening by unordered break down of the surface layer. Locules with numerous 3–8 asci inside each locule, ostiolate. Ostiole minute. Pseudoparaphyses absent. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, saccate to globose, apedicellate, with indistinct ocular chamber. Ascospores irregularly arranged, oblong or fusiform with slightly acute ends, with 2–3 transverse septa, hyaline, smooth-walled, lacking a sheath. Asexual morph: Ceolomycetous “Sphaceloma” Acervuli subepidermal, pseudoparenchymatous. Conidiophores hyaline to pale-brown, polyphialidic. Conidiogenous cells formed directly from the upper cells of the pseudoparenchyma, monophialidic to polyphialidic, lacking a thickened region around the phialidic channel, terminal, integrated, determinate, hyaline to pale brown. Conidia hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoidal, aseptate, biguttulate (adapted from Jayawardena et al. 2014).
Type species: Elsinoe canavaliae Racib.
Notes: Elsinoe was placed in Myriangiaceae by Arx and Müller (1975) based on the immersed or erumpent, pulvinate or irregular ascomata. Later, Elsinoe was transferred to Elsinoaceae by Barr (1979) and this was followed by several authors (Kirk et al. 2001, Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007, 2010). The asexual morph of Elsinoe has been described as “Sphaceloma” (Wijayawardena et al. 2012). Phylogenetically, Elsinoe forms a distinct lineage from Sphaceloma and is a well-resolved genus in Elsinoaceae. Molecular markers available for Elsinoe are ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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