Tripospermum acerinum
Tripospermum acerinum (P. Syd.) P. Syd., Physis, Rev. Soc. Arg. Cienc. Nat. 4(no. 17): 295 (1918).
≡ Triposporium acerinum P. Syd., Hedwigia 38(Beibl.): (144) (1899).
Index Fungorum number: IF 211414; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11321, Fig. 1
Description: see Spegazzini (1918) and Rocha et al. (2010); Qiao et al. (2017).
Material examined: see Spegazzini (1918) and Rocha et al. (2010); Qiao et al. (2017).
Fig. 1 Tripospermum sinense (YMF 1.04181, holotype, re-drawn from Fig. 1 in Qiao et al. 2017). a–c Conidia. d–f Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Importance and distribution
Tripospermum species are often associated with sooty moulds. The mycelium forms black, effuse, epiphyllous crust like colonies on the surface of leaves (Hughes 1951). There are 33 Tripospermum epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), one species has been transferred to Clasterosporium and other species such as Tripospermum aurantii, T. cupaniae, T. lagerstroemiae, T. pannosum, T. pes-gallinae var. jambosae, T. roupalae, T. stelligerum are synonyms of Triposporium. Tripospermum is known on a wide range of hosts such as Abies firma (Pinaceae), Acacia auriculaeformis (Fabaceae), Acer sp. (Sapindaceae), Bromelia (Bromeliaceae), Eurya japonica (Pentaphylacaceae), Ficus (Moraceae), Malus domestica (Rosaceae), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Cupressaceae), Phyllostachys (Poaceae), Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae), Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), Quercus serrata (Fagaceae), Rorippa amphibian (Brassicaceae) and others. Tripospermum has a wide distribution occurring in Asia (China, India, Japan, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Poland), Oceania (Solomon Islands) and South America (Brazil, Venezuela).
Quarantine significance
Tripospermum is of quarantine concern as it causes disease of several economically important fruits and vegetables such as sooty mold of Dimocarpus longan L. (caused by T. porosporiferum) (Serrato-Diaz et al. 2010), sooty molds on Psidium guajava (Kwee 1988), sooty blotch disease of Malus (Wrona and Grabowski 2004) amongst others.
References
Chomnunti P, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Chukeatirote E et al. 2012 – Trichomeriaceae, a new sooty mould family of Chaetothyriales. Fungal Diversity 56, 63–76.
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Schumacher RK, Summerell BA et al. 2014 – Fungal Planet description sheets: 281–319. Persoonia 33, 212–289.
Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN et al. 2020a – Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11, 1553–2107.
Hongsanan S, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Crous PW, Ariyawansa HA, Zhao RL, Hyde KD. 2016 – The evolution of fungal epiphytes. Mycosphere 7, 1690–1712.
Hughes SJ. 1951 – Studies on micro-fungi. XII. Triposporium, Tripospermum and Tetrasporium (gen. nov). Mycological Papers 46, 1–35.
Kwee LT. 1988 – Studies on Some Sooty Moulds on Guava in Malaysia. Pertanika 11, 349–355.
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Haituk S, Pakdeeniti P, Al-Sadi AM, Hongsanan S, Chomnunti P, Cheewangkoon R. 2018 – Phaeosaccardinula coffeicola and Trichomerium chiangmaiensis, two new species of Chaetothyriales (Eurotiomycetes) from Thailand. Mycosphere 9, 769–778.
Qiao M, Huang Y, Deng C, Yu Z. 2017 – Tripospermum sinense sp. nov. From China. Mycotaxon 132, 513–517.
Quaedvlieg W, Binder M, Groenewald JZ, Summerell BA et al. 2014 – Introducing the consolidated species concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 33, 1– 40.
Rocha FB, Barreto RW, Bezerra JL, Neto JAAM. 2010 – Foliar mycobiota of Coussapoa floccosa, a highly threatened tree of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Mycologia 102, 1240–1252.
Serrato-Diaz L, Vargas L, Goenaga R. 2010 – First report of sooty mold of longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) caused by Tripospermum porosporiferum matsushima and T. variabile matsushima in Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture- University of Puerto Rico 94, 285–287.
Spegazzini C. 1918 – Notas micologicas. Physis Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales 4, 281–295.
Wrona B, Grabowski M. 2004 – Etiology of apple sooty blotch in Poland. Journal of Plant Protection Research 44, 293–297.
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