Mycosphaerellales » Mycosphaerellaceae » Pseudocercospora

Pseudocercospora vitis

Pseudocercospora vitis (Lév.) Speg., Anal. Mus. nac. B. Aires, Ser. 3 13: 438 (1910) [1911].

            Septonema vitis Lév., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 9: 261 (1848).

           Index Fungorum number: IF 187930; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11207, Fig. 1

Description: see Crous et al. (2019).

Material examined: see Crous et al. (2019).

 

 

Fig. 1 Pseudocercospora vitis (re-drawn from Fig. 2 in Harvey and Wenham 1972). a Symptoms. b Conidiophore bundles. c Conidia. Scale bars: a = 10 μm, b = 50 μm.

 

Importance and distribution

Majority of Pseudocercospora species are plant pathogens on a wide variety of plants mainly in tropical and sub-tropical environments causing leaf spots, blights, fruit spot and fruit rot (Chupp 1954; Deighton 1976; von Arx 1983; Pons and Sutton 1988). There are 1642 Pseudocercospora epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many have been transferred to other genera such as Arthrophiala, Cercospora, Cercosporella, Clypeosphaerella, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Mycosphaerella, Neopseudocercosporella, Parapallidocercospora, Passalora, Phaeomycocentrospora, Pruniphilomyces, Pseudocercosporella and Zasmidium. Pseudocercospora have been reported from many hosts and plant families including Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Boraginaceae, Cornaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Leguminosae, Nyctaginaceae, Phyllanthaceae and Poaceae. Pseudocercospora is known from Asia (China, India, Jamaica), South America (Brazil, Venezuela), the United States (California, West Indies) and many others.

 

Industrial relevance and applications

Pseudocercospora is useful in medical industry as it produces terreic acid which is a potential anticancer drug as it inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Kong et al. 2018). Though minimal, Pseudocercospora palicoureae has some biocontrol effect against the rubiaceous weed Palicourea marcgravii in Brazil (Pereira and Barreto 2006).

 

Quarantine significance

Pseudocercospora can cause disease on wide range of plants. Pseudocercospora angolensis is the cause of fruit and leaf spot disease on citrus (Pretorius et al. 2003) while P. pini-densiflorae causes brown needle blight of pine (Evans 1984; Crous et al. 1990). These diseases reflect the importance of quarantine regulations.

 

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Prihantini et al. (2017) reported two compounds terreic acid and 6-methylsalicylic acid from Pseudocercospora sp. The compounds have good reducing power and can bleach β-carotene. Pseudocercospora can also produce a number of phenolic compounds (Bárcena et al. 2018).

 

References 

Arx JA von. 1983 Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series 86, 15–54.

Bárcena A, Bruno M, Gennaro A, Rozas MF, Mirífico MV, Balatti PA, Saparrat MCN. 2018 –Melanins from two selected isolates of Pseudocercospora griseola grown in-vitro: Chemical features and redox activity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 186, 207–215.

Braun U, Crous P. 2006 – Proposal to Conserve the Name Pseudocercospora against Stigmina and Phaeoisariopsis (Hyphomycetes). Taxon 55, 3.

Braun U, Hill CF. 2002 – Some new micromycetes from New Zealand. Mycological Progress 1, 19–30.

Braun U. 1992 – Taxonomic notes on some species of the Cercospora complex. Nova Hedwigia 55, 211–221

Braun U. 1995 Miscellaneous notes on phytopathogenic hyphomycetes (II). Mycotaxon 55, 223–241.

Chupp C. 1954 – A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca New York.

Crous P, Braun U. 1996 Cercosporoid fungi from South Africa. Mycological Research 57, 233–321.

Crous PW, Aptroot A, Kang JC, Braun U, Wingfield MJ. 2000 – The genus Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 45, 107–121.

Crous PW, Kang JC, Braun U. 2001 – A phylogenetic redefinition of anamorph genera in Mycosphaerella based on ITS rDNA sequence and morphology. Mycologia 93, 1081–1101.

Crous PW, Liebenberg MM, Braun U, Groenewald JZ. 2006 – Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of bean. Studies in Mycology 55, 163–173.

Crous PW, Schumacher RK, Akulov A, Thangavel R et al. 2019 – New and Interesting Fungi. 2. Fungal systematics and evolution 3, 57–134.

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Swart WJ. 1990 – Shoot and needle diseases of Pinus spp. in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal 154, 60–66.

Crous PW; Braun U. 1996 Notes on cercosporoid fungi occurring on Dodonaea spp. South African Journal of Botany 62, 247249.

Deighton FC. 1976 – Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif. and Cercoseptoria. Mycological Papers 140, 1–168.

Evans HC. 1984 – The genus Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs Cercoseptoria, Dothistroma and Lecanosticta on pines. Mycological Papers 153, 1–102.

Harvey IC, Wenham HT. 1972 – A Fungal Leaf Spot Disease of Grapes Cercospora vitis (Lév) Sacco, New Zealand Journal of Botany 10, 87–96.

Kong C, Huang H, Xue Y, Liu Y et al. 2018 – Heterologous pathway assembly reveals molecular steps of fungal terreic acid biosynthesis. Scientific Reports 8, 2116.

Pereira OL, Barreto RW. 2006 – Pseudocercospora palicoureae sp. nov. associated with the toxic rubiaceous weed Palicourea marcgravii in Brazil, with observations on its mycobiota. Fungal Diversity 23, 243–253.

Pons N, Sutton BC. 1988 – Cercospora and similar fungi on yams (Dioscorea species). Mycological Papers 160.

Pretorius MC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Braun U. 2003 – Phylogeny of some cercosporoid fungi from Citrus. Sydowia 55, 286–305.

Prihantini AI, Tachibana S. 2017 – Antioxidant compounds produced by Pseudocercospora sp. ESL 02, an endophytic fungus isolated from Elaeocarpus sylvestris. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 7, 110–115.

Stewart EL, Liu Z, Crous PW, Szabo L. 1999 – Phylogenetic relationships among some cercosporoid anamorphs of Mycosphaerella based on rDNA sequence analysis. Mycological Research 103, 1491–1499.

Von Arx JA. 1983 – Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen: Series C: Biological and Medical Sciences 86, 15–54.

 

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