Paramycosphaerella
Paramycosphaerella Crous & Jol. Roux, in Crous et al., Persoonia 31: 245 (2013).
Index Fungorum number: IF 805850; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08536, 11 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 11 species with molecular data.
Foliicolous, plant pathogenic. Sexual morph: Ascomata erumpent, amphigenous, brown, globose, with central ostiole; wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci fasciculate, bitunicate with apical chamber, 8-spored, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid. Ascospores 3- to multiseriate, thin-walled, guttulate, not to very slightly constricted at septum, obovoid, remaining hyaline. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Crous et al. 2013; Videira et al. 2017).
Type species: Paramycosphaerella brachystegiae Crous & Jol. Roux
Notes: Paramycosphaerella is characterised by erumpent, amphigenous, brown, globose ascomata, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid asci and obovoid hyaline ascospores. Paramycosphaerella resembles Mycosphaerella but differs in that the latter has Ramularia asexual morphs (Crous et al. 2013). Quaedvlieg et al. (2014) added two species Paramycosphaerella intermedia and P. marksii. Guatimosim et al. (2016) added some taxa in Paramycosphaerella based on phylogenetic analysis of which two species namely “Mycosphaerella” madeirensis and “Mycosphaerella” vietnamensis had pseudocercospora-like asexual morph. In the phylogenetic analysis of Videira et al. (2016) the strains of Paramycosphaerella madeirensis clustered in a sister clade to Microcyclosporella and were accommodated in the new genus Mycosphaerelloides. Videira et al. (2017) added more genera to the phylogenetic tree of Mycosphaerellaceae and reported Paramycosphaerella as paraphyletic. Taxa in Paramycosphaerella needs revision as several species, e.g., P. blechni, P. cyatheae and P. diacranopteridis are closely related to Mycosphaerelloides (Guatimosim et al. 2016). Paramycosphaerella is a distinct genus in Mycosphaerellaceae but more taxa with molecular data are needed to resolve the paraphyletic nature of the group. Molecular markers available for Paramycosphaerella are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB, Calmodulin, Histone, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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