Mycosphaerellales » Mycosphaerellaceae » Microcyclus

Microcyclus angolensis

Microcyclus angolensis Sacc., Syd. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 2(2): 165 (1904).

           Index Fungorum number: IF 152201; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11277, Fig. 1

Description: see Da Hora Júnior et al. (2014) and Videira et al. (2017).

Material considered: see Da Hora Júnior et al. (2014) and Videira et al. (2017).

Fig. 1 Microcyclus angolensis (F8592, F8593, holotype). a Details of herbarium material. b Specimen. c Ascostromata on the host surface. d Section of ascostroma. e Cells of ascostroma. f Periphysate ostiole. g Immature ascus. h Ascospore. i Conidiomata on the host surface. j Section through conidioma. k Conidiogenous cells. l Conidium and paraphyses. m Conidia with appendage. Scale bars: c = 200 μm, d = 30 μm, e–g = 10 µm, h, k, l = 5 µm, i, j = 100 µm, m = 3 µm.

 

Importance and distribution

Microcyclus species are pathogenic with M. ulei being the causal agent of leaf blight in rubber trees (Bevenuto et al., 2017).

 

Quarantine significance

Microcyclus is of quarantine significance in many countries such as Malaysia, South America (Brazil) as it causes intense defoliation of rubber trees (Asna & Ho 2001; Bevenuto et al., 2017; Lieberei, 2007). Microcyclus ulei (South American leaf blight/SALB) is a quarantine organism in Singapore (IPPC, 2012).

 

There are 31 Microcyclus epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to other genera such as Campoa, Coccoidella, Dothidella, Pseudocercospora, Puccinia and Septomazzantia. Microcyclus comprises 23 species known on wide range of plants such as Actinodaphne hookeri (Lauraceae), Argyreia sp. (Convolvulaceae), Asparagus plumosus (Asparagaceae), Canthium vulgare (Rubiaceae), Coccoloba sp. (Polygonaceae), Millettia thonningii (Fabaceae), Pandanus sp. (Pandanaceae), Phoebe paniculata (Lauraceae), Placodiscus riparius (Sapindaceae), Porlieria hygrometrica (Zygophyllaceae), Prunus spinulosa (Rosaceae) and Quercus sp. (Fagaceae). Microcyclus seems to be host specific as each species occurs on a specific host plant or genus. Microcyclus is reported from several countries such as Africa (Angola, Uganda), Asia (China, India, Japan), Oceania (Cook Islands) and South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela). Some Microcyclus species have a cosmopolitan distribution. Microcyclus needs revision as several species lack molecular data and might belong to other genera.

 

References

Asna, B.O., & Ho, H.L. (2001). Managing Invasive Species: The Threat to Oil-palm and Rubber-The Malaysian Plant Quarantine Regulatory Perspective. Proceedings of the Unwelcome Guests -Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Conference, Kunming, China, 17–23 August 2003, pp. 32-38. 

Barr, M.E. (1996). Planistromellaceae, a new family in the Dothideales. Mycotaxon, 60, 433-442.

Bevenuto, J., Passos, J., & Furtado, E. (2017). Microcyclus ulei races in Brazil. Summa Phytopathologica, 43, 326-336.

da Hora Júnior, B.T., de Macedo, D.M., Barreto, R.W., Evans, H.C., Mattos, C.R., Maffia, L.A., & Mizubuti, E.S. (2014). Erasing the Past: A New Identity for the Damoclean Pathogen Causing South American Leaf Blight of Rubber. PLoS ONE, 9, e104750. 

International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (2012). Pest Free Status - South American Leaf Blight in Singapore. 

Lieberei, R. (2007). South American Leaf Blight of the Rubber Tree (Hevea spp.): new Steps in Plant Domestication using Physiological Features and Molecular Markers. Annals of Botany, 100, 1125-1142. 

Monkai, J., Liu, JK., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Chukeatirote, E., Jones, E.B.G., …Hyde, K.D. (2013). Planistromellaceae (Botryosphaeriales). Cryptogamie Mycologie, 34, 45-77.

Müeller, E. & Sanwal, B.D. (1954). Uber die Gattungen Microcyclus Sacc., Coccoidella v. Hohn., Coccodothis Theiss. et Syd. und Coccodothella Theiss. et Syd. Sydowia, 8, 231-244.

Theissen, F. & Sydow, H. (1915). Die Dothideales. Kritisch-systematisch Originaluntersuchungen, Annales Mycologici, 13, 147-746.

Videira, S. I. R., Groenewald, J. Z., Nakashima, C., Braun, U., Barreto, R. W., de Wit, P. J. G. M., & Crous, P. W. (2017). Mycosphaerellaceae - Chaos or clarity?. Studies in Mycology, 87, 257-421.

 

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