Brunneosphaerella
Brunneosphaerella Crous, in Crous et al., Stud. Mycol. 64: 31 (2009).
Index Fungorum number: IF 514694; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08477, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Associated with leaf spot. Sexual morph: Ascomata amphigenous, immersed to semi-immersed, black, single, gregarious, substomatal, pyriform or globose with a papillate, periphysate ostiole; ascomatal wall consisting of three strata of slightly compressed textura angularis, an outer stratum of dark brown, thick-walled cells, becoming paler in the central stratum, and hyaline, thin-walled in the inner stratum. Pseudoparaphyses absent. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate dehiscence, clavate to cylindro-clavate, often curved, tapering to a pedicel, narrowing slightly to a rounded apex with an indistinct ocular chamber. Ascospores biseriate, fusiform, broader at the apical end, initially hyaline and uniseptate, becoming yellow-brown and 3- septate at maturity, slightly constricted at median to supra-median septum (adapted from Crous et al. 2009). Asexual morph: Conidiomata hardly visible and intermingled between ascomata, pycnidial, subepidermal, substomatal, separate, globose to pyriform, occasionally with well-developed papilla, dark brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells discrete, smooth, hyaline, doliiform to ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating 1–2 times percurrently. Conidia pale brown to medium brown, thick-walled on maturity, smooth to finely verruculose, eguttulate, ellipsoidal to globose, often truncate at one end (adapted from Crous et al. 2011).
Type species: Brunneosphaerella protearum (Syd. & P. Syd.) Crous
Notes: Brunneosphaerella is characterised by amphigenous, immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, clavate to cylindro-clavate asci and biseriate, fusiform uniseptate ascospores. Brunneosphaerella differs from Leptosphaeria in having ascospores that are constantly brown at maturity, and asexual morphs characterised by brown, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Brunneosphaerella was differentiated based on CHS, RPB2 and TEF1 sequences. Brunneosphaerella is currently a distinct and well-supported genus in Mycosphaerellaceae. Molecular markers available for Brunneosphaerella are LSU, ITS, CHS and RPB2.
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